Total CO₂ output from Vulcano island (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

Abstract

[1] Total CO 2 output from fumaroles, soil gas, bubbling gas discharges and water dissolved gases discharged from the island, was estimated for Vulcano island, Italy. The CO 2 emission from fumaroles from the La Fossa summit crater was estimated from the SO 2 crater output, while CO 2 discharged through diffuse soil emission was quantified on the basis of 730 measurements of CO 2 fluxes from the soil of the island, performed by using the accumulation chamber method. The results indicate an overall output of ≅500 t day À1 of CO 2 from the island. The main contribution to the total CO 2 output comes from the summit area of the La Fossa cone (453 t day À1 ), with 362 t day À1 from crater fumaroles and 91 t day À1 from crater soil degassing. The release of CO 2 from peripheral areas is ≅20 t day À1 by soil degassing (Palizzi and Istmo areas mainly), an amount comparable to both the contribution of water dissolved CO 2 (6 t day À1 ), as well as to seawater bubbling CO 2 (4 t day À1 measured in the Istmo area). Presented data (September 2007) refer to a period of moderate solphataric activity, when the fumaroles temperature were 450°C and gas/water molar ratio of fumaroles was up to 0.16. The calculated total CO 2 emission allows the estimation of the mass release and related thermal energy from the volcanic-hydrothermal system.

Spatial Distribution of Field Physico-Chemical Parameters in the Vulcano Island (Italy) Coastal Aquifer: Volcanological and Hydrogeological Implications

“…Inguaggiato et al [1], and references therein quantified a hydrologic balance for the Vulcano Porto aquifer, supported by a piezometric contour map of the area, aimed at the evaluation of the dissolved CO2 budget of the island. Capasso et al [2,3] analysed a long time series of water table elevation data, with the aim of discriminating between the volcanic signal (changes of volcanic activity) and the hydro-meteorological noise driven by sea level oscillations and changes in rainfall regime.…”

Recognizing and tracking volcanic hazards related to non-magmatic unrest: a review

“…background activity) during prolonged inter-eruptive phases, manifested as lowtemperature fumarolic emissions (Giggenbach et al 1990;Sturchio and Williams 1990;Giggenbach and Corrales Soto 1992;Sturchio et al 1993;Fischer et al 1997;Lewicki et al 2000;Rouwet et al 2009;Joseph et al 2011Joseph et al , 2013Chiodini et al 2012), diffuse CO 2 soil degassing and steaming ground (Cardellini et al 2003;Werner et al , 2008Bergfeld et al 2006Bergfeld et al , 2012Werner and Cardellini 2006;Lewicki et al 2007aLewicki et al , 2007bMazot et al 2011;Inguaggiato et al 2012;Lewicki and Hilley 2014), thermal spring discharges Taran and Peiffer 2009), low-activity crater lakes (Pasternack and Varekamp 1997; A volcano is in a stage of magmatic unrest if volcanic unrest is caused by the migration from a magma reservoir (left), which we are able to recognize as such. If we cannot recognize magma migration (regardless whether it migrates or not), but concern remains high for any other reason, the volcano will be in a state of non-magmatic unrest (right).…”

Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO<sub>2</sub> and implications for the global CO<sub>2</sub> budget

“…Degassing activity has shown signs of intensification in the last few decades, including increased fumarole temperatures (Badalamenti et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1995;Capasso et al, 1997), and episodic variations of gas/steam ratios (Chiodini et al, 1996;Capasso et al, 1999;Paonita et al, 2002Paonita et al, , 2013. The CO 2 flux from the La Fossa fumarolic field has been measured previously by Aiuppa et al (2005Aiuppa et al ( , 2006, McGonigle et al (2008), Tamburello et al (2011) andInguaggiato et al (2012). On 11 March 2014, we measured the CO 2 emissions from La Fossa using the measurement configuration of Fig.…”

“…The volcanic/hydrothermal CO 2 flux sustained by diffuse soil degassing can be measured relatively easily during surveys (Chiodini et al, 1996(Chiodini et al, , 2005Favara at al., 2001;Hernán-dez, 2001;Cardellini et al, 2003;Inguaggiato et al, 2005Inguaggiato et al, , 2012Pecoraino et al, 2005;Mazot et al, 2011) or with permanent installations Carapezza et al, 2004;Werner and Cardellini, 2006;Inguaggiato et al, 2011). In contrast, the volcanic CO 2 flux contributed by open vents and/or fumarolic fields is more difficult to measure, since the volcanic CO 2 gas signal is diluted -upon atmospheric transport -into the overwhelming background air CO 2 signal.…”