Torus mandibularis in 45,X females (Turner syndrome)

Alvesalo, Lassi; Mayhall, John T.; Varrela, Juha

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199610)101:2<145::aid-ajpa2>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Details as in Fig. 1 in such matters as torus mandibularis, a bony exostosis on the lingual surface of the mandibular corpus (Alvesalo and Kari 1972;Alvesalo et al 1996), skeletal maturation (Alvesalo 1971;Alvesalo et al 1991), and statural growth can also be explained by their differential action. The sex ratio (the ratio of the number of males to that of females) at birth (Alvesalo 1985) as well as in the earlier stages of development may also relate to increased mitotic potential due to the Y chromosome (Fig.…”

Section: The Expression Of Sexual Dimorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex chromosomes and human growth

Alvesalo

1997

Human Genetics

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107

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Studies on tooth crown size and structure of individuals with various sex chromosome anomalies and their normal male and female relatives have demonstrated differential direct effects on growth of genes on the human X and Y chromosomes. The Y chromosome promotes growth of both tooth enamel and dentin, whereas the effect of the X chromosome on tooth growth seems to be restricted to enamel formation. Enamel growth is decisively influenced by cell secretory function and dentin growth by cell proliferation. It is suggested that these differential effects of the X and Y chromosomes on growth explain the expression of sexual dimorphism in various somatic features, such as the size, shape and number of teeth, and, under the assumption of genetic pleiotropy, torus mandibularis, statural growth, and sex ratio. Future questions concern, among other topics, the Y chromosome and the mineralization process, concentric control of enamel and dentin growth, and gene expression.

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Section: The Expression Of Sexual Dimorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex chromosomes and human growth

Alvesalo

1997

Human Genetics

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107

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“…Studies also show a correlation between the torus mandibularis and the number of teeth in patients, suggesting that the mandibular torus is protected from resorption throughout life by the functional capacity of the teeth (Eggen and Natvig, ). Alvesalo et al () have shown that development of the torus mandibularis in patients with Turner syndrome (45, X) occurs earlier in life than in control groups of either sex. The authors of this study suggest that the torus's growth regulation is found on the sex chromosome and that sexual dimorphism could be due to the Y chromosome's effect on cell proliferation (Alvesalo et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tori of the mouth and ear: A review

et al. 2013

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There is a great deal of literature regarding the tori of the mouth and ear. However, there is controversy regarding the etiology and prevalence of each. The torus palatinus is generally agreed to be the most common oral exostosis and is more frequently found in females. The torus mandibularis is also quite common, is more prevalent in males, and occurs bilaterally in 80% of cases. Far less data have been presented regarding the torus maxillaries primarily due to the lack of consensus regarding its nomenclature and classification. These oral tori are thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with a relatively high penetrance; however, environmental and functional factors have been postulated that may account for a more complex etiology than simply genetics. The torus auditivus is rarely acknowledged in clinical papers and most data are found in anthropological journals. Although there is an abundance of literature that addresses these traits individually, there is a lack of research that collectively acknowledges these. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a composite review of the tori with regards to their anatomical features, prevalence, etiology and clinical relevance.

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“…This report examined the prevalence of TM and TP among Japanese elders, and some of the factors associated with TM. Previous studies described the prevalence of TM, but few have assessed it in Japanese populations or investigated factors associated with its occurrence. The present study demonstrates that approximately one‐third of the people we examined have tori and that factors related to oromaxillofacial function might have a role in creating them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…We also noted approximated prevalence in men and women (32.7% vs. 27.8%)—an outcome that is similar to Ohno's report (29.4% vs. 28.1%) but differs from Suzuki's report (38.4% vs. 51.9%). Although the reasons for the difference have yet to be determined, gender as well as other factors have been implicated in TM. These include parafunctional habits and the number of present teeth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of torus mandibularis among a group of elderly Japanese and its relationship with occlusal force

et al. 2012

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Prevalence of torus mandibularis among a group of elderly Japanese and its relationship with occlusal force Objective: To examine the prevalence of torus mandibularis (TM) and identify clinical factors associated with its presence. Materials and methods: A total of 664 Japanese adults over age 60 were studied by means of a questionnaire and clinical examination. Results: In all, 197 subjects (29.7%) had TM. We found a significant association between the presence of TM and torus palatinus (TP; 45.1% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001). Moreover, occlusal force with TM was significantly higher than without TM (p < 0.05). Logistic regression adjusted for age and occlusal force revealed a significant relationship between TM and occlusal force and TP [p = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) = 2.44; p < 0.001, OR = 2.66, respectively]. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a relationship between TM and factors related to occlusal factor.

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Torus mandibularis in 45,X females (Turner syndrome)

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Sex chromosomes and human growth

Sex chromosomes and human growth

The tori of the mouth and ear: A review

Prevalence of torus mandibularis among a group of elderly Japanese and its relationship with occlusal force

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