Sex chromosomes and human growth

Alvesalo, Lassi

doi:10.1007/s004390050575

Cited by 107 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This effect has also been found in other species (rats, cows and humans), and has been found to continue after implantation (62). Studies on tooth crown size and structure of individuals with various sex chromosome anomalies indicate that the Y chromosome codes for growth factors that lead to sexual dimorphism in tooth size and shape (63). The Y chromosome is thought to have at least one gene region that influences stature in humans, called Growth Control Y (64,65).…”

Section: Selfish Sex Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Intragenomic conflict and cancer

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Intragenomic conflict occurs when some elements within the genome produce effects that enhance their own probability of replication or transmission at the expense of other elements within the same genome. Here it is proposed that mutations involved in intragenomic conflict are particularly likely to be co-opted by evolving lineages of cancer cells, and hence should be associated with the occurrence of cancer. We discuss several types of intragenomic conflict that are associated with various forms of cancer. ª

show abstract

Section: Selfish Sex Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Intragenomic conflict and cancer

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sexual dimorphism in predicting tooth size may be explained by a previous study, 21 which reported that the Y chromosome affects both dentin and enamel growth and, finally, may affect tooth crown size, while the X chromosome affects only enamel growth. In other words, it is likely that in the female subjects, the formation of the canines and premolars Strong correlations, however, were found between the measured values and the estimated values for the canines and premolars that were calculated for the upper and lower dentitions in the male and female subject groups (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Demonstration of a sex difference in the predictability of widths of unerupted permanent canines and premolars in a Japanese population

Tome¹,

Ohyama²,

Yagi³

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: (1) To identify any differences in the accuracy of the prediction of the summed widths of unerupted permanent canines and premolars for males vs females and, if differences are identified, (2) to examine the sex differences in the best combination of independent variables and (3) to evaluate the practical accuracy using our models for both sexes, respectively. Materials and Methods: Records for 200 orthodontic patients (100 males and 100 females) with discernible tooth crowding in the permanent dentition were selected. Mesiodistal tooth crown widths, dental arch widths, and basal arch lengths were measured. Predicted sum widths of permanent canines and premolars in both dental arches were calculated using stepwise regression analysis. Results: Among male subjects, the best combinations of independent variables were the widths of the upper central and lateral incisors (U1, U2) and the first molar (U6) for the maxilla (R 2 5 0.615) and the mandible, lower central and lateral incisors (L1, L2), and the first molar (L6) (R 2 5 0.685), whereas in females, the best combinations for prediction were found to be U1, U2, U6, and the maxillary arch width for the maxilla (R 2 5 0.429) and L1, L2, L6, and the basal arch length for the mandible (R 2 5 0.426). Correlation coefficients between each independent and dependent variable in the female subject group were found to be weaker than those for the male subject group. Conclusions: We found the sex differences in the accuracy of prediction and the best combination of independent variables for predicting the summed widths of unerupted canines and premolars. These new models should be clinically useful, providing highly accurate prediction. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:938-944.)

show abstract

“…However, amelogenesis imperfecta can be expressed differently depending on the gender of the affected individual. The enamel of affected males can be extremely thin and smooth, whereas in the teeth of affected females, enamel can be of almost normal thickness with defective vertical ridging [reviewed by Alvesalo, 1997]. Both the X and Y chromosomes have a version of the amelogenin gene [Nakahori et al, 1991].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enamel Formation Genes Are Associated with High Caries Experience in Turkish Children

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is evidence for a genetic component in caries susceptibility, and studies in humans have suggested that variation in enamel formation genes and their interaction with Streptococcus mutans levels may contribute to caries. For the present study, we used DNA samples collected from 173 unrelated children from Istanbul: 91 children with 4 or more affected tooth surfaces and 82 caries-free children. Six single-nucleotide polymorphism markers were genotyped in selected candidate genes (ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin 1 and tuftelin interacting protein 11) that influence enamel formation. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with distinct caries experience. Regression analysis was used for the evaluation of individual gene effects, environmental effects and gene-environment interactions. Overrepresentation of the C allele of the amelogenin marker was seen in cases with dmft scores higher than 8 (p = 0.01) when compared to controls. Also, overrepresentation of the T allele of the ameloblastin marker was seen in cases with dmfs scores higher than 10 (p = 0.05) when compared to controls. In addition, the CT genotype of the tuftelin rs3790506 marker was overrepresented in cases with dmft scores higher than 5 (p = 0.05) and dmfs scores higher than 6 (p = 0.05) compared to controls. The best-fitting model showed that dmfs is increased when the following factors are present: (1) females and both the anterior and posterior teeth are affected simultaneously, (2) when the T allele of the tuftelin rs3790506 is involved, and (3) the C allele of the amelogenin rs17878486 is involved. Our study provides support that genes involved in enamel formation modify caries susceptibility in humans.

show abstract

Sex chromosomes and human growth

Cited by 107 publications

References 24 publications

Intragenomic conflict and cancer

Intragenomic conflict and cancer

Demonstration of a sex difference in the predictability of widths of unerupted permanent canines and premolars in a Japanese population

Enamel Formation Genes Are Associated with High Caries Experience in Turkish Children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About