Torrefaction of wheat and barley straw after microwave heating

Satpathy, Sangram Kishor; Tabil, Lope G.; Meda, Venkatesh; Naik, S. N.; Prasad, Rajendra

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.01.102

Cited by 107 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similar behavior is reported for wheat and barley straw (SATPATHY et al, 2014), with improvements also in biomass grindability and its hydrophobic behavior, thus reducing moisture uptake after torrefaction.…”

Section: Sugarcane Bagasse As Residual Biomasssupporting

confidence: 75%

Residual Biomasses in the Micro-Region of Dourados (Ms): Assessment and Availability for Energy in Agriculture Thermal Conversion

et al. 2017

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This research presents results of the assessment of solid biofuels (residual biomasses from agricultural crops) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the period 2007-2012, for energy in agricultural uses. It is pointed out the available quantity, its geographic location at micro and meso regions and energy conversion potential. The methodology is based on a survey on municipal agricultural production of the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (quantity and local availability, per year) followed by determination of the amounts of agricultural assessed residues, and then applying equations from the literature to estimate the amount of energy (J) and power (kW) obtained from the thermal conversion of residual biomasses. Results are presented for three residual biomasses from agricultural crops (corn cobs, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) with cartograms for all micro regions at the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, graphics for quantification in the cities where crops production occurs and a table for total energy obtained by conversion processes. For the whole state of MS, Dourados micro region was identified as the most promising for energy in agriculture with three main cities (Dourados, Rio Brilhante and Maracaju), by solid biofuel availability to provide about 11% of the total electrical energy consumption in 2014.

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Section: Sugarcane Bagasse As Residual Biomasssupporting

confidence: 75%

Residual Biomasses in the Micro-Region of Dourados (Ms): Assessment and Availability for Energy in Agriculture Thermal Conversion

et al. 2017

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“…MW induced dry-torrefaction also significantly improved fuel characteristics such as the Hydrogen/Carbon and Oxygen/Carbon ratio, Higher Heating Value (HHV; indicative of calorific value) and the energy density of the torrified samples [76]. Furthermore, the grindability and hydrophobicity of the torrified biomass is greatly improved by MW torrefaction [74], which may be attributed to the unique selective heating mechanism of MWs. However in the work conducted by Satpathy et al [74], it was noticed that MW heating at low power and short reaction times unevenly heated the biomass and produced a torrified biomass containing 'hot spots'.…”

Section: Mw-induced Dry-torrefaction Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The majority of the studies listed in Table 1 investigated the effects of different experimental conditions including microwave power, processing time, biomass water content as well as particle size on the characteristics of torrified biomass. The key findings from most of these studies revealed that microwave power and reaction time were the primary factors which affected the torrefaction process, whereas the moisture content of the biomass did not have a significant effect [73][74][75][76]. Due to the fact that water is a good susceptor of MW heating [77], biomass can be directly torrified without the requirement of a pre-drying step.…”

Section: Mw-induced Dry-torrefaction Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the grindability and hydrophobicity of the torrified biomass is greatly improved by MW torrefaction [74], which may be attributed to the unique selective heating mechanism of MWs. However in the work conducted by Satpathy et al [74], it was noticed that MW heating at low power and short reaction times unevenly heated the biomass and produced a torrified biomass containing 'hot spots'. This phenomenon is typically seen as a result of MW heating, due to the non-homogenous nature of the biomass sample in conjunction with the selective heating mechanism of MWs and the uneven distribution of the electric field as a consequence of the use of non-optimised MW ovens.…”

Section: Mw-induced Dry-torrefaction Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

Kostas

Beneroso

Robinson

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

240

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Bioenergy, derived from biomass and/or biological (or biomass-derived) waste residues, has been acknowledged as a sustainable and clean burning source of renewable energy with the potential to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas). However, many bioenergy processes require some form of pre-treatment and/or upgrading procedure for biomass to generate a modified residue with more suitable properties and render it more compatible with the specific energy conversion route chosen. Many of these pre-treatments (or upgrading procedures) involve some form of substantive heating of the biomass to achieve this modification. Microwave (MW) heating has attracted much attention in recent years due to the advantages associated with dielectric heating effects. These advantages include rapid and efficient heating in a controlled environment, increasing processing rates and substantially shortening reaction times by up to 80%. However, despite this interest, the growth of industrial MW heating applications for bioenergy production has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the MW heating mechanism when applied to biomass and waste residues. This article presents a review of the current scientific literature associated with the application of microwave heating for both the pre-treatment and upgrading of various biomass feedstocks across different bioenergy conversion pathways including thermal and biochemical processes. The fundamentals behind microwave heating will be explained, as well as discussion of the imperative areas which require further research and development to bridge the gap between fundamental science in the laboratory and the successful application of this technology at a commercial scale.

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“…A K-type thermocouple was grounded with stainless steel metal sheath and covered with a Teflon tube throughout the microwave cavity with only the tip exposed inside the biomass sample to avoid the interference of microwave reflection with temperature measurements. The container was sealed by adding a cover on the top of it, a close fitting silicon o-ring in between, and paper tape on the side of joint [8]. A constant flow of nitrogen gas was purged through a port at the bottom of the reactor to keep an inert atmosphere and carry out gas products in the reactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Microwave － Induced Torrefaction on Waste Straw Upgrading

Lin¹,

林怡利²

2015

IJCEA

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Abstract-This study focused on upgrading waste straw by developing the technology of microwave-imduced torrefaction and investigating the key operating parameters to improve the energy density and hydrophobicity of biomass for better feedstock for the production of renewable energy. The experiments were conducted under inert environment and atmospheric pressure in a fixed-bed batch reactor putting in a self-designed microwave facility. Factors including microwave power (250 to 450 W), reaction time (10 to 30 min) and moisture content (8 to 50%) were evaluated and the torrefaction temperature was monitored and controlled in the range of 200 to 300 ℃. It was found that the shape and fullness of the reactor as well as the position and direction of the thermocouple in the microwave facility significantly affected the efficacy of microwave-induced torrefaction, while the influences of nitrogen flow-rate and moisture content of the biomass were negligible. With the increase of microwave power from 250 to 450 W, the content of fixed carbon and ash, higher heating value (HHV) and energy density increased in the torrefied straw. TGA and DTG confirmed the evaporation of moisture as well as the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose in biomass structures, and microwave power was the key factor affecting the torrefaction temperature so as to the energy yield and density of torrefied biomass. Straw torrefied under 450 W for 30 min showed characteristics similar to those of blended coal with HHV approaching to that of bituminous coal. With further optimization of microwave torrefaction parameters (power and reaction time), torrefied straw has potential for the substitution of coal used in pulverized coal-fired furnace.Index Terms-Microwave-induced torrefaction, rice straw, energy density, thermogravimetric analysis.

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Torrefaction of wheat and barley straw after microwave heating

Cited by 107 publications

References 34 publications

Residual Biomasses in the Micro-Region of Dourados (Ms): Assessment and Availability for Energy in Agriculture Thermal Conversion

Residual Biomasses in the Micro-Region of Dourados (Ms): Assessment and Availability for Energy in Agriculture Thermal Conversion

The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

Effects of Microwave － Induced Torrefaction on Waste Straw Upgrading

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