Effects of Microwave － Induced Torrefaction on Waste Straw Upgrading

Lin, Yi-Li; 林怡利,

doi:10.7763/ijcea.2015.v6.518

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Energy yields obtained in this work and the previous ones were in the same range [23][24][25]. To decide the most suitable torrefied condition and configuration regarding to energy yield, the data obtained in the present work and the data reported by the previous works on the fluidized bed reactor [7,19,26], rotating drum reactor [19], convective reactor [19] and microwave reactor [27], were replotted in the HHV ratio-mass yield diagram, as shown in Figure 11. The HHV ratio was defined as the ratio of HHV of torrefied char to HHV of raw biomass.…”

Section: Temperature Distribution Of Cassava Rhizome and Heating Ratementioning

confidence: 65%

Thermal Degradation of Cassava Rhizome in Thermosyphon-Fixed Bed Torrefaction Reactor

2020

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A thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor was designed and constructed to investigate the temperature distribution of the cassava rhizome and its decomposition behavior. To study the properties of torrefied char obtained from this reactor, cassava rhizome was torrefied in five different configurations, including the thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor, a laboratory reactor in compact bulk arrangement with N2 as the purge gas and without any purge gas, and another one in a hollow bulk arrangement with and without purge gas. It was found that the use of thermosyphons with a fixed bed reactor improved the uniform temperature distribution. The average heating rate to the cassava rhizome bed was 1.40 °C/min, which was 2.59 times higher than that of the fixed bed reactor without thermosyphons. Compared to the other configurations, this reactor gave the highest higher heating value (HHV) and the lowest mass yield of 23.97 MJ/kg and 47.84%, respectively. The water vapor produced in this reactor played an autocatalyst role in the decomposition reaction. Finally, the thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor gave an energy yield in the range of 70.43% to 86.68%. The plot of the HHV ratio–mass yield diagram indicated the difference of torrefied char obtained from different reactors. The thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor produced torrefied biomass with the highest HHV ratio compared to that of other reactors at the same energy yield.

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Section: Temperature Distribution Of Cassava Rhizome and Heating Ratementioning

confidence: 65%

Thermal Degradation of Cassava Rhizome in Thermosyphon-Fixed Bed Torrefaction Reactor

2020

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“…It can be inferred from Figure 10 that the HHV rises with a longer torrefaction time. However, the biomass torrefaction residence time has been shown to be less significant than the temperature in all experiments conducted thus far [20]. The shortest torrefaction residence time can differ depending on the torrefaction temperature, biomass type, the physical and chemical properties of the biomass, and its intended use for a specific sector [46].…”

Section: Effect Of the Torrefaction Residence Timementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nevertheless, there was a meaningful mass loss at the beginning of the biomass torrefaction process while the change of mass yield was not so important with a longer torrefaction residence time. This can be explained by the decomposition of more reactive components at the beginning of the torrefaction [20]. It was also concluded that the mass yield reduces with the torrefaction residence time.…”

Section: Effect Of the Torrefaction Residence Timementioning

confidence: 95%

“…14 million Mg of coal, which is 10% of annual coal mining production in Poland. The limit in the widespread use of straw in the energy and power sector is its dispersed diversification of physicochemical properties [1,[17][18][19][20]. Another very important factor is that straw is a volumetric material, which has an impact on logistic costs such as transport and storage [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

et al. 2020

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This publication presents research work which contains the optimum parameters of the agri-biomass: maize and oat straws torrefaction process. Parameters which are the most important for the torrefaction process and its products are temperature and residence time. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed as well as the torrefaction process using an electrical furnace on a laboratory scale at a temperature between 250-525 • C. These biomass torrefaction process parameters-residence time and temperature-were necessary to perform the design and construction of semi-pilot scale biomass torrefaction installations with a regimental dryer and a woody and agri-biomass regimental torrefaction reactor to perform a continuous torrefaction process using superheated steam. In the design installation the authors also focused on biochar, a bi-product of biofuel which will be used as an additive for natural bio-fertilizers. Kinetic analysis of torrefaction process using maize and oat straws was performed using NETZSCH Neo Kinetics software. It was found that kinetic analysis methods conducted with multiple heating rate experiments were much more efficient than the use of a single heating rate. The best representations of the experimental data for the straw from maize straw were found for the n-order reaction model. A thermogravimetric analysis, TG-MS analysis and VOC analysis combined with electrical furnace installation were performed on the maize and oat straw torrefaction process. The new approach in the work presented is different from that of current scientific achievements due to the fact that until now researchers have worked on performing processes on oat and maize straws by means of the torrefaction process for the production of a biochar as an additive for natural bio-fertilizers. None of them looked for economically reasonable mass loss ratios. In this work the authors made the assumption that a mass loss in the area of 45-50% is the most reasonable loss for the two mentioned agri-biomass processes. On this basis, a semi-pilot installation could be produced in a further BIOCARBON project step. The kinetic parameters which were calculated will be used to estimate the size of the apparatuses, the biomass dryer, and biomass torrefaction reactor.

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“…The majority of the studies listed in Table 1 investigated the effects of different experimental conditions including microwave power, processing time, biomass water content as well as particle size on the characteristics of torrified biomass. The key findings from most of these studies revealed that microwave power and reaction time were the primary factors which affected the torrefaction process, whereas the moisture content of the biomass did not have a significant effect [73][74][75][76]. Due to the fact that water is a good susceptor of MW heating [77], biomass can be directly torrified without the requirement of a pre-drying step.…”

Section: Mw-induced Dry-torrefaction Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

Kostas

Beneroso

Robinson

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

240

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Bioenergy, derived from biomass and/or biological (or biomass-derived) waste residues, has been acknowledged as a sustainable and clean burning source of renewable energy with the potential to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas). However, many bioenergy processes require some form of pre-treatment and/or upgrading procedure for biomass to generate a modified residue with more suitable properties and render it more compatible with the specific energy conversion route chosen. Many of these pre-treatments (or upgrading procedures) involve some form of substantive heating of the biomass to achieve this modification. Microwave (MW) heating has attracted much attention in recent years due to the advantages associated with dielectric heating effects. These advantages include rapid and efficient heating in a controlled environment, increasing processing rates and substantially shortening reaction times by up to 80%. However, despite this interest, the growth of industrial MW heating applications for bioenergy production has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the MW heating mechanism when applied to biomass and waste residues. This article presents a review of the current scientific literature associated with the application of microwave heating for both the pre-treatment and upgrading of various biomass feedstocks across different bioenergy conversion pathways including thermal and biochemical processes. The fundamentals behind microwave heating will be explained, as well as discussion of the imperative areas which require further research and development to bridge the gap between fundamental science in the laboratory and the successful application of this technology at a commercial scale.

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Effects of Microwave － Induced Torrefaction on Waste Straw Upgrading

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Thermal Degradation of Cassava Rhizome in Thermosyphon-Fixed Bed Torrefaction Reactor

Thermal Degradation of Cassava Rhizome in Thermosyphon-Fixed Bed Torrefaction Reactor

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

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