Torrefaction: a sustainable method for transforming of agri-wastes to high energy density solids (biocoal)

Negi, Sushant; Jaswal, Gaurav; Dass, Kali; Mazumder, Koushik; Elumalai, Sasikumar; Roy, Joy

doi:10.1007/s11157-020-09532-2

Cited by 64 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Based on the values of molar H/C and O/C (i.e., 1.02 and 0.28, respectively), the optimal SP-torrefied product (i.e., T-SP-280-30) should belong to the class of lignite [1]. The results were in accordance with those reported previously [20,21,28] and recently reviewed [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In addition, the feedstock SP has the highest values of atomic O/C and H/C (Table 3), making it difficult to transform the biomass into liquid fuels.…”

Section: Fuel Properties Of Sp-torrefied Products (T-sp)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Among the lignocellulosic constituents (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in biomass, the hemicellulose constituent has the highest moisture absorption capacity [2]. In this regard, a pretreatment process, also known as torrefaction, was extensively studied to produce a torrefied biomass for further use in the energy, metallurgical and chemical fields instead of direct use in its original form [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. To maximize the energy density and mass yield of biomass by reducing the contents of noncarbon elements, the typical temperature range for the torrefaction process is between 200 • C and 300 • C [1], where hemicellulose can be thermally decomposed but cellulose and lignin will be partly repolymerized or degraded to some extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

et al. 2021

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In this work, a novel biomass, the extraction residue of Sapindus pericarp (SP), was torrefied by using an electronic oven under a wide range of temperature (i.e., 200–320 °C) and residence times (i.e., 0–60 min). From the results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of SP, a significant weight loss was observed in the temperature range of 200–400 °C, which can be divided into the decompositions of hemicellulose (major)/lignin (minor) (200–320 °C) and cellulose (major)/lignin (minor) (320–400 °C). Based on the fuel properties of the feedstock SP and SP-torrefied products, the optimal torrefaction conditions can be found at around 280 °C for holding 30 min, showing that the calorific value, enhancement factor and energy yield of the torrefied biomass were enhanced to be 28.60 MJ/kg, 1.36 and 82.04 wt%, respectively. Consistently, the values of the calorific value, carbon content and molar carbon/hydrogen (C/H) ratio indicated an increasing trend at higher torrefaction temperatures and/or longer residence times. The findings showed that some SP-torrefied solids can be grouped into the characteristics of a lignite-like biomass by a van Krevelen diagram for all the SP-torrefied products. However, the SP-torrefied fuels would be particularly susceptible to the problems of slagging and fouling because of the relatively high contents of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) based on the analytical results of the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

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Section: Fuel Properties Of Sp-torrefied Products (T-sp)supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…A slow start in reducing atmospheric CO 2 would cause damaging overshoot in global temperatures and the sooner we get started with reducing atmospheric CO 2 the better. As it is based on fairly mature technologies (Negi et al 2020), oceanic deposition of biocoal as Black Pellets may be a NET relatively ready-togo. A fast start with OSB would reduce the eventual amount of negative emissions needed toward the end of the century, thereby lessening the eventual need for DACCS.…”

Section: Beyond 2100mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under torrefaction conditions, the hemicellulose component of vegetation decomposes to a recalcitrant form. The lignin component, a highly recalcitrant substance, increases as a percentage of the torrefied mass but remains largely unchanged chemically and plasticizes to become the key binding material during the pelletization process (Negi et al 2020). It is a conjecture subject to research that Black Pellets as terrestrial material would be no more subject to microbial decay in the relatively cold, oxygen-poor deep sea as it is on land.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Black Pellets and Their Oceanic Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving negative emissions through oceanic sequestration of vegetation carbon as Black Pellets

Miller

Orton

2021

Climatic Change

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Natural processes and human activities produce vast amounts of dead vegetation which return CO2 to the atmosphere through decay and combustion. If such vegetation could be converted into biocoal and sequestered on the ocean floor, it could reduce the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 without involving sequestration in the form of CO2. Given that raw vegetation is unsuitable for large-scale energy applications, a process was developed to convert raw vegetation into a form of biocoal, termed Black Pellets, that solves the logistical and energy conversion problems of using raw vegetation for power generation. Seemingly overlooked is that properties of Black Pellets—higher density than seawater and resistance to microbial decay—may offer an environmentally safe way of sequestering vegetation carbon on the sea floor. Sequestering vegetation carbon by depositing biocoal as Black Pellets in the deep ocean (oceanic sequestration of biocoal—OSB) would be a means of achieving long-lasting negative emissions. Sacrificing the energy content of the deposited pellets would require substituting energy from other sources. If the substitute energy could be from lower-carbon natural gas or carbon-free sources, the effects would be less accumulation of atmospheric CO2 compared to using the pellets for energy and a nearly 60 to 100% reduction in the need for geologic sequestration compared to bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS). If confirmed by research, OSB would be an addition to the sparse toolbox of negative emission technologies (NETs) which would give humankind more flexibility in meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement.

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“…A high percentage of cellulosic biomass can be produced via dedicated crops. Wastes and residues are other important sources of lignocellulose biomass [27].…”

Section: Biomass Feedstock and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced mono‐ and multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques for oxygen‐containing compound characterization in biomass and biofuel samples

Beccaria

Siqueira

Maniquet

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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A wide variety of biomass, from triglycerides to lignocellulosic‐based feedstock, are among promising candidates to possibly fulfill requirements as a substitute for crude oils as primary sources of chemical energy feedstock. During the feedstock processing carried out to increase the H:C ratio of the products, heteroatom‐containing compounds can promote corrosion, thus limiting and/or deactivating catalytic processes needed to transform the biomass into fuel. The use of advanced gas chromatography techniques, in particular multi‐dimensional gas chromatography, both heart‐cutting and comprehensive coupled to mass spectrometry, has been widely exploited in the field of petroleomics over the past 30 years and has also been successfully applied to the characterization of volatile and semi‐volatile compounds during the processing of biomass feedstock. This review intends to describe advanced gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based techniques, mainly focusing in the period 2011–early 2020. Particular emphasis has been devoted to the multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques, for the isolation and characterization of the oxygen‐containing compounds in biomass feedstock. Within this context, the most recent advances to sample preparation, derivatization, as well as gas chromatography instrumentation, mass spectrometry ionization, identification, and data handling in the biomass industry, are described.

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Torrefaction: a sustainable method for transforming of agri-wastes to high energy density solids (biocoal)

Cited by 64 publications

References 106 publications

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

Achieving negative emissions through oceanic sequestration of vegetation carbon as Black Pellets

Advanced mono‐ and multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques for oxygen‐containing compound characterization in biomass and biofuel samples

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