“…The quadratic nonlinearity ∇ × ((∇ × B) × B) is referred to as the Hall current term after the discovery of Hall [35], and makes (E-MHD) a quasilinear dispersive equation. While the Hall current term is omitted in the usual ideal MHD model, it is known to be directly responsible for various situations including plasma confinement, collisionless magnetic reconnection featuring X-configuration ( [6,67,38,27]), Hall-effect thrusters ( [76,68,62]), planetary magnetospheres including that of the Earth's ( [26,57]) and magnetic field dynamics in neutron stars ( [33,46,34,74]). In all of these situations, the effect of magnetic resistivity is considered negligible with respect to that of the Hall current term.…”