Topological Shape Changes Weaken the Innate Defensive Response to Visual Threat in Mice

Huang, Yan; Li, Lei; Dong, Kun; Tang, Hongsi; Yang, Qingning; Jia, Xianglian; Liao, Yundan; Wang, Wenbo; Ren, Zhaoyu; Chen, Lin; Wang, Liping

doi:10.1007/s12264-019-00454-w

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…4 E) were calculated using real-time mouse positions. Consistent with previous results [ 14 – 18 ], looming stimuli elicited a fast escape to the refuge (Fig. 4 C, D) where a mouse would stay hidden for many seconds (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

An Infrared Touch System for Automatic Behavior Monitoring

et al. 2021

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Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness, objectivity, and high throughput, which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior. Many automatic methods of monitoring animal behavior meet these requirements. However, they usually depend on high-performing hardware and sophisticated software, which may be expensive. Here, we describe an automatic infrared behavior-monitor (AIBM) system based on an infrared touchscreen frame. Using this, animal positions can be recorded and used for further behavioral analysis by any PC supporting touch events. This system detects animal behavior in real time and gives closed-loop feedback using relatively low computing resources and simple algorithms. The AIBM system automatically records and analyzes multiple types of animal behavior in a highly efficient, unbiased, and low-cost manner.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

An Infrared Touch System for Automatic Behavior Monitoring

et al. 2021

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“…For example, when mice are presented with a threatening looming stimulus, they demonstrate defensive flight-to-nest behavior. Interestingly, our recent work shows that the topological change in a looming stimulus weakened the defensive responses and reduced cell activation in the SC, indicating that detection of threatening information is dependent on TP-based object representations and the processing of TP and threatening information may commonly occur in the SC (Huang et al, 2019). The present findings provide human evidence from TMS study for the involvement of a subcortical M pathway in TP processing, which could be a newly discovered function of the conservative subcortical visual system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A topological theory, which holds that the extraction of TP serves as the starting point of object perception, has been proposed to address the fundamental question of what are the primitives of visual perception (Chen, 2005, 1982). This theory has been supported by sufficient evidence across species from insects, rodents to humans, demonstrating that visual system is more sensitive to detect TP differences in images than other non-TP shape differences, and TP is processed automatically and with higher priority (Chen, 1982; Chen et al, 2003; Chien et al, 2012; Han et al, 1999; Huang et al, 2019, 2018, 2011; Todd et al, 1998). Previous evidence from human brain imaging, i.e., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), however, shows that the inferior temporal cortex (IT) was involved in TP processing (Wang et al, 2007; Zhou et al, 2010; Zhuo et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Subcortical magnocellular visual system facilities object recognition by processing topological property

Wang

Zhou

Zhuo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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19The Magnocellular (M) visual pathway is known as a fast route to convey coarse 20 information and facilitates object recognition by initiating top-down processes. It is 21 unclear what exact properties M pathway conveys to accelerate visual object processing. 22 Previous studies suggest that visual systems are highly sensitive to the perception of 23 topological property (TP), which remains unchanged under various shape changes, and 24 the TP is probably processed through a fast subcortical pathway. Here we hypothesize 25 that a subcortical M system contributes to the fast object recognition by processing TP 26 first. We first demonstrate that the facilitation effect of TP processing on object 27 perception occurs mainly in the M visual system, and then support the subcortical M 28 hypothesis of TP processing by the evidence that the early processing of TP was not 29 affected when cortical function was temporarily damaged by the transcranial magnetic 30 stimulation and when stimuli were biased to M system. 31 32 33 34 35The visual systems of animals are good at rapid detection of threat information in the 36 environment, which is a conserved and innate ability across species. It is commonly 37 considered that visual system has two major separate subdivisions, a magnocellular (M) 38 pathway responsible for fast processing of coarse information, and a parvocellular (P) 39 pathway for slow recognition of details (Callaway, 2005; de Haan and Cowey, 2011; 40 Livingstone and Hubel, 1987; Merigan and Maunsell, 1993). Neuroimaging evidence 41 shows that fast M projections conveying low spatial frequencies facilitate visual object 42 recognition by initiating top-down processes from orbitofrontal to the visual cortex (Bar 43 et al., 2006; Kveraga et al., 2007). However, it is unclear which geometric properties 44 of objects M pathway conveys to accelerate visual object processing. So far, the most 45 commonly exploited functional distinctions between the M and P pathways have been 46 the different sensitivity in spatial and temporal domains, as well as different responses 47to luminance contrast and color. The M pathway prefers lower spatial frequency and 48 higher temporal frequency, and is highly sensitive to low luminance contrast, while 49 entirely 'blind' to chromatic stimuli. The P pathway, by contrast, is more sensitive to 50 stimuli with a higher spatial-frequency but lower temporal-frequency, color-sensitive, 51 but weaker response to low contrast (< 8%) stimuli (de Valois et al., Lee et al., 1990; Tootell et al., 1988). Meanwhile, the M and P pathways are known as 54 the classical "where" and "what" pathways, which are considered to be mainly located 55 in the dorsal and ventral pathways of the cortex, respectively. Physiological evidence 56 yet demonstrates that the superficial layer of the superior colliculus (SC), a subcortical 57 brain area, shows little color-related activity, and predominantly responses to 58 achromatic information (Schiller et al., 1979; White et al., 2009), which is similar to M...

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“…A subcortical hypothesis has been proposed, positing that topological perception is processed through a Superior Colliculus (SC)‐Pulvinar‐Amygdala subcortical pathway, which is considered to be relatively conserved across different species and responsible for the rapid information processing (Sun et al., 2019 ; Wei et al., 2015 ). This subcortical hypothesis is supported by direct evidence from a human brain imaging study which showed that the TP “hole” was processed in the SC and physiological evidence from a mouse study (Huang et al., 2020 ; Meng et al., 2018 ). The hypothesis is also supported by indirect evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study (Du, Zhou, & Chen, 2011 ), showing that early‐stage TP processing was unaffected when the primary visual cortex (V1) was blocked by TMS, which suggests that the TP could be processed through a subcortical pathway not passing through V1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Late Development of Early Visual Perception: No Topology‐Priority in Peripheral Vision Until Age 10

Tang

Song

et al. 2021

Child Development

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Topological property (TP) is a basic geometric attribute of objects, which is preserved over continuous and one‐to‐one transformations and considered to be processed in early vision. This study investigated the global TP perception of 773 children aged 6–14, as compared to 179 adults. The results revealed that adults and children aged 10 or over show a TP priority trend in both central and peripheral vision, that is, less time is required to discriminate TP differences than non‐TP differences. Children aged 6–8 show a TP priority trend for central stimuli, but not in their peripheral vision. The TP priority effect in peripheral vision does not emerge until age ˜10 years, and the development of central and peripheral vision seems to be different.

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Topological Shape Changes Weaken the Innate Defensive Response to Visual Threat in Mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

An Infrared Touch System for Automatic Behavior Monitoring

An Infrared Touch System for Automatic Behavior Monitoring

Subcortical magnocellular visual system facilities object recognition by processing topological property

Late Development of Early Visual Perception: No Topology‐Priority in Peripheral Vision Until Age 10

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