“…Initial research on synthetic dimensions in cold atoms was focused on mimicking topological phenomena and performing analog quantum simulation 2 of condensed matter Hamiltonians using internal spin states of these atoms [3][4][5][6] . Over the last few years, the breadth of synthetic dimensions has spread to encompass a much wider variety of platforms, including photonic resonators 7,8 , waveguides 9,10 , temporal pulses [11][12][13] , microwaves 14 , superconducting circuits 15 , and Rydberg atoms 16 and molecules 17 . Studies have also been extended to explore higher-order topology 18 , and non-Hermitian phenomena that have no counterparts in Hermitian systems, such as eigenenergy winding 19 and braiding 20 that are closely related to the non-Hermitian skin effect 21,22 .…”