Topographic and Climatic Control on Chemical Weathering of Mountainous Riverine Sediments of Hainan Island, South China Sea

Abstract

Hainan Island, the largest island in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS), is characterized by many tropical mountainous rivers that flow into the SCS. The geochemistry of these riverine sediments and the factors controlling the weathering intensity are still not well understood. In this study, sedimentary geochemistry has been investigated by using 45 riverine sediments collected from 18 major rivers on Hainan Island. The Hainan riverine sediments are only first-cycle rather than polycyclic sediments, and they faithfully reflect the present weathering intensity. The high and steady values of the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) indicate that the riverine sediments at different parts of the Hainan Island have overall undergone intensive chemical weathering. The low values of Weathering Index of Parker (WIP) and high αCa, αK, αSr, and αBa values of north Hainan indicate the highest weathering degree, which is mainly influenced by the flat topography. The values of αNa, αK, αSr, and αBa of southwest Hainan which are higher than those of east Hainan suggest that the leaching of elements such as Na, K, Sr, and Ba is more extreme (i.e., more intensive weathering). These are mainly caused by the different physical denudation due to different summer precipitation. Overall, the Hainan Island is featured by intensive chemical weathering and is classified as a typical transport-limited weathering regime. Therefore, the geochemistry of the riverine sediments of the Hainan Island is different from that of sediments in tectonically active regions (e.g., Taiwan Island).

Convective Initiation Nowcasting in South China Using Physics‐Augmented Random Forest Models and Geostationary Satellites

“…One typical case at 06:10 UTC on 23 May 2019 in Hainan Island is selected to discuss the specific nowcasting performance of the SWASP model. Hainan Island has a typical tropical monsoon climate with an annual mean temperature of 23.8°C and a total annual precipitation of 1,500–2,500 mm, of which about 80% occurs during the wet season from April to September (Xu et al., 2022). Strongly affected by the East Asian summer monsoon, Hainan Island is the most CI‐prone region in South China (Bai et al., 2020b).…”