Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and glaucoma in 2021: where do we stand?

Stoner, Ari M.; Harris, Alon; Oddone, Francesco; Belamkar, Aditya; Vercellin, Alice Chandra Verticchio; Shin, Joshua D; Janulevičienė, Ingrida; Siesky, Brent

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319530

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Prostaglandins are the most common medication used to lower IOP by accelerating aqueous drainage through the uveal sclera (Jansook and Loftsson, 2022 ). Other drugs, such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic blockers, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are second-line drugs that are ineffective in reducing IOP and have side effects (Lu et al, 2017 ; Nocentini and Supuran, 2019 ; Stoner et al, 2022 ). Surgical or laser procedures are recommended when medication cannot sufficiently lower IOP (Schehlein and Robin, 2019 ; Rolim-De-Moura et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bibliometric analysis of apoptosis in glaucoma

Zhang

Wang²,

Tan³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundGlaucoma is the first irreversible and second blindness disease, which is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and degeneration of the optic nerve. Previous works have indicated that apoptosis is the main reason for RGC death in glaucoma. Although many studies have investigated the mechanism of apoptosis and different strategies targeting apoptosis to protect the RGCs and finally recover the impaired vision in the glaucoma. However, the global trend and hotspots of apoptosis in glaucoma have not been well illustrated and discussed.MethodsDocuments were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection on November 2, 2022. We selected articles and reviews published in English from January 1, 1999 to November 1, 2022 to perform visual analysis and statistical analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords by VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.8.ResultsThe publications about apoptosis in glaucoma show an increasing trend over time. Besides, the authors, institutions in the US and China published the most numbers of articles with the highest citation, which may be leading the research in the field of apoptosis in glaucoma. Last, series of advanced research results, technology and treatment for glaucoma, such as the discovery of key regulatory mechanisms on RGC apoptosis are emerging and will provide precise strategies for the treatment of glaucoma.ConclusionThis research will broaden our comprehension about the role of apoptosis in the process of glaucoma, and provide guidelines for us in basic research and disease treatment in the further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bibliometric analysis of apoptosis in glaucoma

Zhang

Wang²,

Tan³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of enzymes that facilitate the bidirectional conversion of CO 2 and H 2 O to H + and HCO3 − [ 34 , 35 ]. Inhibition of principally CA-II, CA-IV, and CA XII isoenzymes in the ciliary processes of the eye results in decreased aqueous humor secretion with subsequent reduction in intraocular pressure [ 34 – 38 ]. The idea of administering carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) topically had already been addressed by Becker et al.…”

Section: Methodology Of Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to their physicochemical properties, the topical administration for the treatment of glaucoma was established years later, in the 1990s, with dorzolamide being the first commercial agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [ 40 ]. Topical instillation of sulfonamide CAIs counteracted the critical systematic adverse effects of oral administration, limiting them to allergic dermatitis/conjunctivitis, corneal edema, keratitis, and metallic taste [ 38 , 41 ].…”

Section: Methodology Of Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifarious Effects of Various Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy on Corneal Endothelium: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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Corneal endothelium is a single cell layer that is mainly responsible for maintaining corneal clarity. Endothelial damage secondary to toxicity, stress, or genetic predisposition are common and in conjunction with the low regenerative ability of the cells, making their preservation critical for maintaining visual acuity. Patients with glaucoma, who are estimated to be close to 80 million worldwide, have a plethora of reasons for developing endothelial damage, being exposed to a spectrum that extends from various medical and surgical interventions to the disease itself. The wide spectrum of glaucoma pharmacotherapy that has been recently extended by addition of newer classes of medications has been the focus of extensive research on its effects on corneal endothelium. Both basic and clinical research have attempted to shine a light on the complex mechanisms associated with the effects of glaucoma medication on corneal endothelium and to answer the important question as to whether these findings are clinically significant. The aim of this review is to summarize and present current literature of the various findings, both from in vivo and in vitro studies that have focused on the complex relationship between different classes of glaucoma medication and their effect on corneal endothelium.

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“…Therefore, most antiglaucomic drugs are aimed at lowering IOP. Currently, there are six classes of ophthalmic drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma: prostaglandin analogues [ 7 ], carbonic anhydrase inhibitors [ 8 ], beta-blockers [ 9 ], alpha-adrenergic agonists [ 10 ], miotics [ 11 ], and rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors [ 12 ]. The decrease in IOP occurs either due to a reduction in the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body or due to an increase in uveoscleral outflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-oxindoles and Pilot Evaluation of Their Antiglaucomic Activity

Efremov

Безнос

Eremeev

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Glaucoma is a widespread neurodegenerative disease for which increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary modifiable risk factor. Recently, we have observed that compounds with oxindole scaffolds are involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure and therefore have potential antiglaucomic activity. In this article, we present an efficient method for obtaining novel 2-oxindole derivatives via microwave-assisted (MW) decarboxylative condensation of substituted isatins with malonic and cyanoacetic acids. Various 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles were synthesized using MW activation for 5–10 min with high yields (up to 98%). The influence of novel compounds applied in instillations on IOP was studied in vivo on normotensive rabbits. The lead compound was found to reduce the IOP by 5.6 Torr (ΔIOP for the widely used antiglaucomatousic drug timolol 3.5 Torr and for melatonin 2.7 Torr).

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Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and glaucoma in 2021: where do we stand?

Cited by 25 publications

References 89 publications

A bibliometric analysis of apoptosis in glaucoma

A bibliometric analysis of apoptosis in glaucoma

The Multifarious Effects of Various Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy on Corneal Endothelium: A Narrative Review

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-oxindoles and Pilot Evaluation of Their Antiglaucomic Activity

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