Topical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice

Abstract

We report the results of our investigations on the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) on angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice. For this, measurements were made on levels of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and markers of proinflammatory stress (phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B and p(38) mitogen-activated protein kinase) on day 3 post-wounding. For uninfected and infected wounds, the levels of NO, VEGF-A were lower and the levels of phospho-NF-kB-p65, phospho-p(38)MAPK were higher in diabetic mice compared with that in nondiabetic mice. For infected wounds, multiple APDT (fluence ~60 J/cm(2)) led to increase in NO, VEGF-A levels and a decrease in the phospho-NF-kB-p65, phospho-p(38)MAPK. Further, compared with aminoguanidine, and silver nitrate, multiple APDT was observed to result in a much improved proangiogenic response.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in skin wound healing: A systematic review of animal studies

“…The animal species used in the 19 studies were mice (n = 16) and rats (n = 3) . Of the 16 mouse studies, nine used BALB/c mice, 4 utilised Swiss albino mice, two used C57BL/ksj db/db mice, and one used CD1 mice . One study did not report the mouse strain that was used.…”

“…To investigate the antimicrobial effect of PDT, the wounds in all studies were inoculated with one or two species of bacteria. The majority were P. aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus . Others were unresistant S. aureus strains, Escherichia coli , and Acinetobacter baumannii …”

“…It was used in two studies . Other used photosensitisers were 5‐phenyl‐10; 15, 20‐tris (N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl) porphyrin chloride (PTMPP); sinoporphyrin sodium (also known as DVDMS); indocyanine green (ICG); pentalysine β‐carbonylphthalocyanine zinc (ZnPc‐[Lys] 5 ); zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPc‐S 4 ); poly‐L‐lysine conjugate of chlorine p6 (pl‐cp6), β‐lactamase‐activated EtNBS (LAEtNBS); RLP068/Cl, toluidine blue O (TBO); polyethylenimine‐chlorin(e6) (PEI‐ce6); and poly‐ l ‐lysine‐chlorin e6 (pL‐ce6) …”

“…The photosensitisers were administered topically in 13 studies, by subcutaneous injection in one study, and by intraperitoneal injection in another study . In one study, burn wounds were simultaneously treated by both topical application and injection under the wound .…”

The effects of photobiomodulation therapy on Staphylococcus aureus infected surgical wounds in diabetic rats. A microbiological, histopathological, and biomechanical study

“…In addition to its antibacterial effects, the PBMT has also been shown to have impression on several other factors including toxin secretion by bacteria 20 , cytokines 21 , and synthesis and remodeling of collagen and angiogenesis 22 in wounds. PBMT seems promising for the treatment of diabetic wounds where healing is impaired and the treatment is further complicated by infection [23][24][25][26] . Therefore, the study was carried out to evaluate the bio-stimulatory effects of PBMT at 685 nm and 3 rats with blood glucose level of >300 mg/dL 27 were considered as diabetic models.…”