Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oils of Alpinia calcarata Rosc., Its Main Constituents, and Possible Mechanism of Action

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil from rhizome and leaf of Alpinia calcarata Rosc. (ACEO) with the focus of its topical anti-inflammatory activity along with its dominant compounds 1,8-cineole and α-terpineol using mouse ear edema model. ACEOs were analyzed by GC-MS. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by studying the inhibition of overproduction of proinflammatory mediators—nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenases, and cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharides in murine macrophages. Topical anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity was studied by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced skin inflammation and formalin-induced pain model in mice, respectively. Rhizome oil has 1,8-cineole (31.08%), α-terpineol (10.31%), and fenchyl acetate (10.73%) as major compounds whereas the ACEO from leaves has 1,8-cineole (38.45%), a-terpineol (11.62%), and camphor (10%). ACEOs reduced the production of inflammatory mediators in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, ACEO and its major compounds reduced ear thickness, weight, myeloperoxidase, and cytokines significantly (p<0.01) in mouse ear. Dose-dependent reduction in flinching and licking in both the phases of pain sensation concludes the topical analgesic effect. Our findings suggest the potency of topical use of ACEOs for inflammatory disease conditions.

Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality

“…Inflammation is a physiological response caused by an infected or injured tissue in the body. Inflammatory processes can: (i) increase the permeability of mucosal endothelial cells and the interstitium’s influx of blood leukocytes, (ii) cause the expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM), (iii) upregulate the activity of several enzymes (oxygenase, peroxidase, and nitric oxide synthase) and the metabolism of arachidonic acid, and (iv) cause the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 ].…”

Volatile components and antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane extracts of Neomuretia pisidica (Kit Tan) Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova

“…Based on this, it can be thought that the antimicrobial effect of N. pisidica essential oils is caused by camphor and 1,8-cineole. Furthermore, the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of 1,8-cineole, camphor and essential oils that contain large proportional amounts of 1,8-cineole and camphor were proven (Lenardão et al, 2016;Chandrakanthan et al, 2020;Santos et al, 2000;Barkin, 2013). Thus, antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities may explain the folkloric usage of N. piscidica for toothache.…”

An overview of the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Alpinia genus (Zingiberaceae)

“…At a dose of 100 mg mL À1 , the oil caused a reduction in the viability of the above-mentioned cell lines. 23 In another study, Zhang et al 73 showed the cytotoxic activities of A. officinarum essential oils collected from ten locations in China. Accordingly, the rhizome oils from different habitats such as Sanming, Guilin, Yulin, Guigang, Qiandongnan, Panzhihua, Xishuangbanna, Gaozhou, Xuwen and Bozhou showed cytotoxic activities against BV2 cells with IC 73 Moreover, the rhizome and fruit rind essential oils of A. mutica from India showed cytotoxic activities against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DHA).…”

“…21,22 In addition, the compounds in Alpinia essential oils have a wide variety of pharmacological resources. [23][24][25] However, to date, there is no overall review on the chemical proles and bioactivities of Alpinia essential oils. Therefore, this review aims to provide comprehensive information on the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils and their major components isolated from various parts of Alpinia plants.…”