Top transparent electrodes for fabricating semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells

Xu, Yuting; Wang, Jingjing; Sun, Lijuan; Huang, He; Han, Jiaru; Zhai, Lanlan; Zou, Chao

doi:10.1039/d1tc02413b

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Au is commonly selected as ultrathin seed layer to smooth the morphology of the subsequently deposited silver layer. [ 77 ] So, 0.1 nm Au as seed layer is combined with Ag electrodes to further reconcile the optical and photovoltaic performances. The photovoltaic and see‐through performances of those ST‐OSCs with different semitransparent electrodes are summarized in Table 2 and depicted in Figure 5d, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Surpassing 15%

Jing

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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counterparts and is very attractive for developing semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs), which have great potential application in building integrated photovoltaic, agricultural greenhouse, car window, and so on. [5,6] Different from opaque device that is concerned mostly with power conversion efficiency (PCE), ST-OSCs also value the transparency in the visible region and adopt average visible transmittance (AVT) to assess their see-through function. [7] However, there is a trade-off relationship between the see-through function and photovoltaic performances since enhancing the light transmission generally leads to lower amount of photons to be utilized. Therefore, efforts including material designing and device engineering are widely employed to reconcile the intrinsic contradiction between AVT and PCE. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Ideally, the photon-absorbing materials in ST-OSCs should have the main absorption in the NIR region and weak absorption in the visible region. [17] Previously, various narrow bandgap polymer donors were synthesized and matched with fullerene acceptors in ST-OSCs. [18,19] Recently, with the aid of advances in materials designing of NIR-absorbing non-fullerene electron acceptors, the PCEs of ST-OSCs have already surpassed 14%. [20,21] Meanwhile, optical engineering technologies, including photonic crystals, [22,23] antireflective device structures, [24,25] or optical microcavity structures, [26,27] have been applied to improve the PCEs and optimize the transmission spectra with deliberately designed layout but energy-consuming process. Other strategies, including multi-component, [28,29] sequentially deposited active layer [30,31] and thickness optimization [20] are also implemented to regulate photon harvesting range and improve PCEs in these fields.More directly, lowering the large-bandgap donor content in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) has been demonstrated as a facile strategy to tune the transmittance spectrum of active layer. [32][33][34] The AVTs of D18-Cl:Y6-1O films have been continuously changed from 30.3% to 68.0% through ranging the donor and acceptor weight ratio (D:A ratio) from 1.1:1.6 to 0.1:1.6. [4] These previous works imply the feasibility of achieving high AVT from low-donor content ST-OSCs. Nevertheless, the performance optimization of OSCs with dilute donors still remains a challenge, mainly originating from the imbalanced charge Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have promising prospects for building or vehicle integrated solar energy harvesting with energy generation and see-through function. How to achieve both an adequate average visible transmittance (AVT) and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) is always the key issue. Herein, a simple but effective strategy for constructing high performance ST-OSCs by introducing a small molecule [2-(9-H-Carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid (2PACz) into a low-donor content active layer is reported. The fill factor is improved from 70.5% to 75.5% and correlated to the mitigated charge recombination a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Surpassing 15%

Jing

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Another carbon form, carbon nanotubes (CNT), are beneficial for creating transparent electrodes in solar cells due to their superior conductivity, flexibility and chemical and mechanical endurance [ 98 , 99 , 100 ]. However, severe fabrication conditions and solvents limit its use as a top electrode in ST-PSCs [ 101 ]; the solvent used in processing needs to be favorable for the active and buffer layer in the device [ 102 ]. To overcome this issue, a printing technique was used by Li et al, whereby they utilized carbon grids as top electrodes to produce entirely printable ST-PSCs with a configurable AVT, and the effect of grid spacing was investigated [ 103 ].…”

Section: Transparent Electrodes For St-pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Approaches to Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2023

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are advancing rapidly and have reached a performance comparable to that of silicon solar cells. Recently, they have been expanding into a variety of applications based on the excellent photoelectric properties of perovskite. Semi-transparent PSCs (ST-PSCs) are one promising application that utilizes the tunable transmittance of perovskite photoactive layers, which can be used in tandem solar cells (TSC) and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, the inverse relationship between light transmittance and efficiency is a challenge in the development of ST-PSCs. To overcome these challenges, numerous studies are underway, including those on band-gap tuning, high-performance charge transport layers and electrodes, and creating island-shaped microstructures. This review provides a general and concise summary of the innovative approaches in ST-PSCs, including advances in the perovskite photoactive layer, transparent electrodes, device structures and their applications in TSC and BIPV. Furthermore, the essential requirements and challenges to be addressed to realize ST-PSCs are discussed, and the prospects of ST-PSCs are presented.

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“…10 To overcome the stability issues, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the environmental durability of PSCs, including compositional manipulation, interfacial engineering, encapsulation technology, defect passivation, etc., and impressive advances have been achieved. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Among them, dimensional tailoring by introducing bulky and hydrophobic organic cations to form a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite archetype tends to be one of the most promising strategies (Fig. 1 and Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, and impressive advances have been achieved. 11–17 Among them, dimensional tailoring by introducing bulky and hydrophobic organic cations to form a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite archetype tends to be one of the most promising strategies (Fig. 1 and Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%