Top-side ionosphere response to extreme solar events

Дмитриев, А. В.; Yeh, Hund‐Der; Chao, J. K.; Veselovsky, I. S.; Su, S.‐Y.; Fu, C. C.

doi:10.5194/angeo-24-1469-2006

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Many serious events (e.g. the 1989 events, the 2000 Bastille Day event, the October-November 2003 storms [81], and the 1859 event [82]) have been reported in the literature. Although there are innumerable case studies and statistical studies on ionospheric storms, it remains difficult to reliably predict the accurate evolution of the ionosphere when a serious solar event erupts.…”

Section: The Ionosphere Under Extreme Solar Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar activity effects of the ionosphere: A brief review

et al. 2011

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Solar radiation, which varies over multiple temporal scales, modulates remarkably the evolution of the ionosphere. The solar activity dependence of the ionosphere is a key and fundamental issue in ionospheric physics, providing information essential to understanding the variations in the ionosphere and its processes. Selected recent studies on solar activity effects of the ionosphere are briefly reviewed in this report. This report focuses on (1) observations of solar irradiance at X-ray and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths and the outstanding problems of solar proxies, in the view of ionospheric studies, (2) new findings and improved representations of the features of the solar activity dependence of ionospheric key parameters and the corresponding physical processes, (3) possible phenomena in the ionosphere under extremely high and low solar activity conditions that are unique, as indicated by historical solar datasets and the deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23/24, and (4) statistical studies and model simulations of the ionosphere response to solar flares. The above-mentioned studies provide new clues for comprehensively explaining basic processes in the ionosphere and improving the prediction capability of ionospheric models and related applications.

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Section: The Ionosphere Under Extreme Solar Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solar energetic particles (SEPs) also anomalously erupt and accompany solar flares, and are termed solar proton events [81,83]. The SEP and X-ray effects overlap in the sunlit hemisphere.…”

Section: Response Of the Ionosphere To Solar Flaresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar activity effects of the ionosphere: A brief review

et al. 2011

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“…This study emphasized the importance of the spectra of solar flares for SFEs. Dmitriev et al [2006] studied the response of the ionosphere to X‐ray emissions and solar energetic particles during the above solar flares. Sahai et al [2006] noted unusual Brazilian sector ionospheric effects associated with the 28 October flare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief review of “solar flare effects” on the ionosphere

Verkhoglyadova²,

et al. 2009

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[1] The study of solar flare effects (SFEs) on the ionosphere is having a renaissance. The development of GPS ground and satellite data for scientific use has opened up new means for high time resolution research on SFEs. At present, without continuous flare photon spectra (X rays, EUV, UV, and visible) monitoring instrumentation, the best way to model flare spectral changes within a flare is through ionospheric GPS studies. Flare EUV photons can increase the total electron content of the subsolar ionosphere by up to 30% in $5 min. Energetic particles (ions) of 10 keV to GeV energies are accelerated at the flare site. Electrons with energies up to several MeV are also created. A coronal mass ejection (CME) is launched from the Sun at the time of the flare. Fast interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) have upstream shocks which accelerate ions to $10 keV to $10 MeV. Both sources of particles, when magnetically connected to the Earth's magnetosphere, enter the magnetosphere and the high-latitude and midlatitude ionosphere. Those particles that precipitate into the ionosphere cause rapid increases in the polar atmospheric ionization, disruption of transpolar communication, and cause ozone destruction. Complicating the picture, when the ICME reaches the magnetosphere $1 to 4 days later, shock compression of the magnetosphere energizes preexisting 10-100 keV magnetospheric electrons and ions, causing precipitation into the dayside auroral zone ($60°-65°MLAT) ionospheres. Shock compression can also trigger supersubstorms in the magnetotail with concomitant energetic particle precipitation into the nightside auroral zones. If the interplanetary sheath or ICME magnetic fields are southwardly directed and last for several hours, a geomagnetic storm will result. A magnetic storm is characterized by the formation of an unstable ring current with energetic particles in the range $10 keV to $500 keV. The ring current decays away by precipitation into the middle latitude ionosphere over timescales of $10 h. A schematic of a time line for the above SFE ionospheric effects is provided. Descriptions of where in the ionosphere and in what time sequence is provided in the body of the text. Much of the terminology presently in use describing solar, interplanetary, magnetospheric, and ionospheric SFE-related phenomena are dated. We suggest physics-based terms be used in the future.

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“…Supposing the relativistic SEP spectral index of 1.5 during the flare (Dmitriev et al, 2006;Wang and Wang, 2006), we obtain the 41 GeV proton energy flux of $9 Â 10 À6 W m À2 . That flux is $30 times smaller than the energy flux of X-rays in the maximum of Halloween GLE.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, for extremely strong solar flares on July 14, 2000 and October 28, 2003 it has been found that the duration of TEC enhancements is longer on tens of minutes than the duration of flares in EUV and X-rays (Liu et al, 2004;Tsurutani et al, 2005). Dmitriev et al (2006) demonstrate that during those flares the ionospheric ionization is additionally contributed by the SEP, which can produce long-lasting ion density enhancements right after the X-ray flares.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%