Top-down modulation in human visual cortex predicts the stability of a perceptual illusion

Kloosterman, Niels A.; Meindertsma, Thomas; Hillebrand, Arjan; Dijk, Bob W. van; Lamme, Victor A. F.; Donner, Tobias H.

doi:10.1152/jn.00338.2014

Cited by 69 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Finally, we observed suppression of low-frequency (11-22 Hz) activity in posterior cortex, which typically occurs in parallel with enhanced stimulus-related gamma activity [20][21][22][23] ( Figure 2A, lower panel and 2B, right). Importantly, these low-frequency power modulations were significant even in correct rejection trials, in which a target was neither presented nor (falsely) detected ( Figure S1B), indicating that participants were sensitive to the implicit structure of the task.…”

Section: Task-relevant Textures Induce Stimulus-related Responses Inmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Humans strategically shift decision bias by flexibly adjusting sensory evidence accumulation

Kloosterman

Gee

Werkle‐Bergner

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Decision bias is traditionally conceptualized as an internal reference against which sensory evidence is compared. Instead, we show that individuals implement decision bias by shifting the rate of sensory evidence accumulation towards a decision bound. Participants performed a target detection task while we recorded EEG. We experimentally manipulated participants’ decision criterion for reporting targets using different stimulus-response reward contingencies, inducing either a liberal or a conservative bias. Drift diffusion modeling revealed that a liberal strategy biased sensory evidence accumulation towards target-present choices. Moreover, a liberal bias resulted in stronger midfrontal pre-stimulus 2-6 Hz (theta) power and suppression of pre-stimulus 8—12 Hz (alpha) power in posterior cortex. The alpha suppression in turn mediated the output activity of visual cortex, as expressed in 59—100 Hz (gamma) power. These findings show that observers can intentionally control cortical excitability to strategically bias evidence accumulation towards the decision bound that maximizes their reward.

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Section: Task-relevant Textures Induce Stimulus-related Responses Inmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/229989 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 7, 2017; Kloosterman et al 20 and Meindertsma et al 21 for a similar trial extraction procedure. After trial extraction, channel time courses were linearly detrended and the mean of every channel was removed per trial.…”

Section: Trial Extraction and Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humans strategically shift decision bias by flexibly adjusting sensory evidence accumulation

Kloosterman

Gee

Werkle‐Bergner

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Each trial started with a blank screen (jittered between 1000 and 1800 ms in steps of 100 ms) on which the words "loading patient data" were centrally presented. After stimulus presentation (ϳ1750 ms), a blank screen (jittered between 1000 and 1500 ms with a 50 ms step) was presented to avoid the influence on prolonged evidence accumulation (Yeung and Summerfield, 2012;Hebart et al, 2016), followed by an image of a clipboard (Fig. 1) on which "sick" or "exit" had to be ticked by pressing a left or right button (indicating a positive or negative sample, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this perspective, the information available for metacognitive computations is directly dependent on the quality and quantity of accumulation of sensory evidence (Kiani and Shadlen, 2009;Kiani et al, 2014). In contrast, dissociations between first-and second-order performance (Weiskrantz et al, 1974;Del Cul et al, 2009;Rounis et al, 2010;Harsay et al, 2012;Hebart et al, 2016;King and Dehaene, 2014;Fleming et al, 2015) suggest that metacognition and first-order task performance are supported by differential (though related) sources of information (Cleeremans et al, 2007;Yeung and Summerfield, 2012;Charles et al, 2014;Maniscalco and Lau, 2016). It has been proposed that dissociations between first-and second-order performance are the result of differences in availability of supporting information (Baranski and Petrusic, 1998;Del Cul et al, 2009;Yeung and Summerfield, 2012;Fleming et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, recent findings have associated theta-band activity with the rate of evidence accumulation and integration (van Vugt et al, 2012;WerkleBergner et al, 2014), whereas activity in the beta band has been shown to predict behavioral choices (Donner et al, 2007;Haegens et al, 2011) and seems to be important for maintenance of persistent activity (Engel and Fries, 2010;Siegel et al, 2012;Kloosterman et al, 2015). Despite mounting evidence of an intrinsic relationship between first-order decision making and neural oscillatory activity, it remains unknown how oscillatory dynamics relate to second-order decision making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sure I'm Sure: Prefrontal Oscillations Support Metacognitive Monitoring of Decision Making

Wokke¹,

Cleeremans²,

Ridderinkhof³

2017

J. Neurosci.

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Successful decision making critically involves metacognitive processes such as monitoring and control of our decision process. Metacognition enables agents to modify ongoing behavior adaptively and determine what to do next in situations in which external feedback is not (immediately) available. Despite the importance of metacognition for many aspects of life, little is known about how our metacognitive system operates or about what kind of information is used for metacognitive (second-order) judgments. In particular, it remains an open question whether metacognitive judgments are based on the same information as first-order decisions. Here, we investigated the relationship between metacognitive performance and first-order task performance by recording EEG signals while participants were asked to make a "diagnosis" after seeing a sample of fictitious patient data (a complex pattern of colored moving dots of different sizes). To assess metacognitive performance, participants provided an estimate about the quality of their diagnosis on each trial. Results demonstrate that the information that contributes to first-order decisions differs from the information that supports metacognitive judgments. Further, time-frequency analyses of EEG signals reveal that metacognitive performance is associated specifically with prefrontal theta-band activity. Together, our findings are consistent with a hierarchical model of metacognition and suggest a crucial role for prefrontal oscillations in metacognitive performance.

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Power modulation of electroencephalogram mu and beta frequency depends on perceived level of observed actions

Simon

Mukamel

2016

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionThe ability to understand actions and intentions of others is of great importance to social relationships and is associated with the mirror neuron system of the human brain. Whether conscious perception of specific actions is necessary to trigger activity in this system, or alternatively whether this response is independent of conscious perception is not known.MethodsWe addressed this issue by rendering videos of right hand movements invisible to conscious perception, and measuring electroencephalogram (EEG) power suppression in the mu (8–13 Hz) and beta (15–25 Hz) range as index corresponding to the magnitude of mirror neuron activity.ResultsIn the beta range over bilateral sensorimotor sites, we find that suppression indices follow the reported perceptual level of subjects with stronger suppression for consciously perceived trials. Furthermore, in the nonperceived trials, oscillation power is significantly suppressed relative to baseline. In the low mu range (8–10 Hz), oscillation power over the left sensorimotor site is significantly more suppressed in the consciously perceived versus nonperceived trials.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the intensity of mirror system responses during action observation decreases with the observers' perception level yet remains significant during observation of invisible actions. Such subliminal activity could help explain phenomena such as covert imitation.

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Top-down modulation in human visual cortex predicts the stability of a perceptual illusion

Abstract: Kloosterman NA, Meindertsma T, Hillebrand A, van Dijk BW, Lamme VA, Donner TH. Top-down modulation in human visual cortex predicts the stability of a perceptual illusion.

Cited by 69 publications

References 83 publications

Humans strategically shift decision bias by flexibly adjusting sensory evidence accumulation

Humans strategically shift decision bias by flexibly adjusting sensory evidence accumulation

Sure I'm Sure: Prefrontal Oscillations Support Metacognitive Monitoring of Decision Making

Power modulation of electroencephalogram mu and beta frequency depends on perceived level of observed actions

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