Too Old to Be Breastfed? Examination of Pre-Healthcare Professionals’ Beliefs About, and Emotional and Behavioral Responses toward Extended Breastfeeding

Zhuang, Jie; Hitt, Rose; Goldbort, Joanne; Gonzalez, Michael; Rodriguez, Alyssa M.

doi:10.1080/10410236.2019.1584739

Cited by 12 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The feeling of intolerance and disapproval increases. The older the child, it is pointed out that the approval and encouragement of breastfeeding have an expiration date for the first six months of the child ( 11 , 14 - 15 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continued breastfeeding and work: scenario of maternal persistence and resilience

Silva

Costa

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Enferm.

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Objectives: to understand the challenges in mothers’ daily life and strategies adopted to reconcile activities outside the home and continued breastfeeding. Methods: a cross-sectional, qualitative study. Theoretical-methodological assumptions were discursive practices and production of meanings in everyday life. Participants were 22 women from a specific social media group who had breastfed at least one child for >7 months. Data were collected between November 2020 and March 2021. Results: themes: Around the world of activities outside the home; Work environment: routines, opportunities and difficulties to maintain breastfeeding. Final Considerations: women’s experiences reveal a daily life with difficulties in reconciling the desire to breastfeed and the work scenario. Support network and adaptation to children’s food routine were strategies adopted to minimize risks of weaning. The results show the need to consolidate policies to encourage continued breastfeeding in the labor market.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continued breastfeeding and work: scenario of maternal persistence and resilience

Silva

Costa

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Enferm.

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“…Health care professionals also play an important role in normalizing breastfeeding in all settings, and throughout the recommended age range. Negative attitudes towards long-term breastfeeding have been identified among physicians ( Cockerham-Colas et al, 2012 ) and healthcare students ( Zhuang et al, 2019 ). Exposure to educational materials (including posters featuring images of long-term breastfeeding) may significantly improve attitudes ( Cockerham-Colas et al, 2012 ); however, there is a lack of recent research about health professionals’ attitudes towards long-term breastfeeding, and no research has been conducted on this topic in Nova Scotia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants viewed each photograph, then were asked two questions: 1) “What thoughts or feelings immediately come to mind when you see this photo?” (open-ended question), and 2) “How comfortable would you feel if you were beside the person in this picture?” (visual analog scale). The open-ended question was employed to assess unprompted reactions to the photographs, as has been used previously by Zhuang et al (2019) . The visual analog scale was a continuous, horizontal 10.0 cm line, ranging from very uncomfortable (0.0 cm) to very comfortable (10.0 cm), and participants marked the visual analog scale with a vertical line to indicate their level of comfort.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(visual analog scale). The open-ended question was employed to assess unprompted reactions to the photographs, as has been used previously by Zhuang et al (2019). The visual analog scale was a continuous, horizontal 10.0 cm line, ranging from very uncomfortable (0.0 cm) to very comfortable (10.0 cm), and participants marked the visual analog scale with a vertical line to indicate their level of comfort.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Article: “Too Old” and “Too Cold”: Discomfort Towards Photographs of Breastfeeding Beyond Infancy and Public Breastfeeding in Nova Scotia, Canada

Chan

Whitfield

2021

J Hum Lact

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Background: Social norms and public perception of breastfeeding are well-established predictors of breastfeeding outcomes; however, little is known about perceptions of breastfeeding beyond infancy or public breastfeeding among the public in Nova Scotia, Canada. Research Aim: To explore public opinion about breastfeeding beyond infancy and public breastfeeding. Methods: In this cross-sectional study participants were recruited from public spaces in Nova Scotia, Canada. Using photo elicitation methods, participants ( N = 229) viewed six photographs of breastfeeding children aged 2 weeks, 13 months, and 2.5 years, one photograph captured at home, and the other in a public space (a café, a store, or outdoors). Participants were asked to score their self-rated comfort with each photograph on a 10.0 cm visual analog scale and asked to share their feelings about each photograph (open-ended responses). Results: Mean ( SD) visual analog scale comfort scores for photographs differed by location (private, 7.9 [2.2]; public, 7.3 [2.6]; p < .05) and child age (2 weeks, 8.5 [2.0]; 13 months, 7.5 [2.6]; 2.5 years, 6.9 [3.0]; p < .05). Participants who identified as women and parents self-reported significantly higher comfort with all photographs, while younger participants and urban dwellers were generally less comfortable. Open-ended responses varied considerably, but a higher proportion of negative comments were reported for older children feeding in public spaces (e.g., 2.5-year-old in public: “Inappropriate. Indecent. Abnormal.”). Conclusion: Given the importance of social norms in supporting breastfeeding, future public health campaigns should strive to normalize breastfeeding beyond infancy, and in public spaces.

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“…We, as researchers, are not exempt from the cultural environments in which we live, work, and produce research. Continued breastfeeding alongside complementary foods has been perceived as a risk factor for malnutrition and delayed development in past anthropometric research (Briend et al, 1988; Victora et al, 1984) and continues to be viewed as such among much of the wider public (Zhuang et al, 2019). Therefore, it seems reasonable to briefly review the existing evidence about breastfeeding and nutritional status beyond 6 months, and to assess the validity of viewing sustained breastfeeding during complementary feeding as potentially detrimental per se to nutritional state.…”

Section: “Prolonged” Breastfeeding and Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The “weanling's dilemma” revisited: Evolving bodies of evidence and the problem of infant paleodietary interpretation

Kendall

Millard

Beaumont

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Breastfeeding is known to be a powerful mediator of maternal and childhood health, with impacts throughout the life course. Paleodietary studies of the past 30 years have accordingly taken an enduring interest in the health and diet of young children as a potential indicator of population fertility, subsistence, and mortality patterns.While progress has been made in recent decades toward acknowledging the agency of children, many paleodietary reconstructions have failed to incorporate developments in cognate disciplines revealing synergistic dynamics between maternal and offspring biology. Paleodietary interpretation has relied heavily on the "weanling's dilemma," in which infants are thought to face a bleak choice between loss of immunity or malnutrition. Using a review of immunological and epidemiological evidence for the dynamic and supportive role that breastfeeding plays throughout the complementary feeding period, this article offers context and nuance for understanding past feeding transitions. We suggest that future interpretative frameworks for infant paleodietary and bioarchaeological research should include a broad knowledge base that keeps pace with relevant developments outside of those disciplines.

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Too Old to Be Breastfed? Examination of Pre-Healthcare Professionals’ Beliefs About, and Emotional and Behavioral Responses toward Extended Breastfeeding

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Continued breastfeeding and work: scenario of maternal persistence and resilience

Continued breastfeeding and work: scenario of maternal persistence and resilience

Article: “Too Old” and “Too Cold”: Discomfort Towards Photographs of Breastfeeding Beyond Infancy and Public Breastfeeding in Nova Scotia, Canada

The “weanling's dilemma” revisited: Evolving bodies of evidence and the problem of infant paleodietary interpretation

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