Tontonan anak di Televisi: Paradoks dan Kontestasi Nilai Tontonan Anak di Media Televisi Nasional

Abstract

Durasi dan intensitas menonton anak yang melebihi 4 jam dalam sehari akan membuat mereka adiksi sekaligus rentan terpapar bahaya konten negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ragam acara anak yang tayang di media televisi nasional, mengeksplor nilai positif dan menggambarkan nilai negatif dalam program acara anak. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan objek penelitian pada beberapa acara anak di media televisi nasional (Trans7, MNCTV dan TVRI). Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan dokumentasi. Untuk memeriksa keabsahan data, digunakan teknik trianggulasi dan perpanjangan waktu penelitian. Selanjutnya penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ragam acara anak di televisi meliputi animasi anak dan edutainment. Kemudian terdapat nilai positif dalam tontonan anak yaitu nilai moral-spiritual, nilai sosial dan nilai budaya. Namun begitu, terdapat juga nilai negatif yakni hedonisme dan konsumerisme, nilai perilaku anti sosial serta nilai kekerasan. Secara umum penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa program anak pada televisi sebagian masih belum ramah anak.

Mapping Television Shows that are of Favored by Elementary School Students

“…Then, Munki and Trunk's broadcast time is also too early. This also does not meet the criteria of television shows that are suitable for children according to the results of the study (Hamzah et al, 2021;Syarah et al, 2018;Wulandari & Sarmini, 2017). Si Bolang is a television show that airs on Trans 7 at 12.30 p.m. to 1.00 p.m. Si Bolang is a program that is not animated so the characters who play in this program are children not animation.…”

“…The advantages is Spongebob presents a good friendship. Then, the negative impact caused by Spongebob shows on children is that children become more hardhearted and can't concentrate or focus well (Hamzah et al, 2021;Nurnisya, 2013). This is in line with the findings found that children's television programs still contained violence, one of which was Spongebob (Rezeki, 2017;Syarief et al, 2013).…”

“…The source of parental knowledge is based on previous television broadcasts and professional friends, while the criteria for the selected television shows are containing character education, according to the child's age, and the airtime is 4.00 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. Then, the results of previous study shows that the selection of television shows for children to watch based on criteria, namely television shows that contain elements of education, socio-cultural, can provide motivation to learn, and entertain (Khairina & Amri, 2017;Sayekti, 2019). This is in line, who stated that child-friendly television programs are all programs ranging from viewing material to advertisements that contain children's world that can help five aspects of their development, namely moral-spiritual, cognitive, language, socio-emotional, and physical (Fadlurrohim et al, 2019;Hamzah et al, 2021).…”

“…Third, television shows can provide students' motivation to learn. Fourth, television shows can help five aspects of child development (Fadlurrohim et al, 2019;Hamzah et al, 2021;Khairina & Amri, 2017;Sayekti, 2019;Trisiah, 2019;Wulandari & Sarmini, 2017). The criteria and the characteristics of television shows can be used as a guide to assess the quality of television shows that are suitable for elementary school students.…”

Dampak Pengasuhan Kakek dan Nenek

“…Pengasuhan yang baik adalah pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh kedua orang tua dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai positif pada anak (Hartanto & Yuliani, 2019;Septiani & Nasution, 2018). Penanaman nilai-nilai moral yang sifatnya untuk diri sendiri maupun sosial dirinci pada sikap dan perilaku seperti jujur, toleran, perilaku disiplin, kerjasama, mandiri, dan sebagainya (Ghufron, 2010;Hamzah et al, 2021;Makhmudah, 2020). Pengasuhan orang tua sangat penting dalam menanamkan kemandirian anak, orang tua harus lebih membuka pikiran dalam bersosialisasi, dekat dengan anak sebagai seorang sahabat dan memperhatikan segala kebutuhan anak, sehingga anak merasa dipenuhi dan di perhatikan oleh orang tua, dihargai dan menyenangkan (Alamiyah et al, 2021;Wardani et al, 2020;Wijayanti & Fauziah, 2020).…”