Tonsillar hyperplasia and recurrent acute tonsillitis in children: Immunohistochemical evaluation of the lymphatic tissue

Silva, João Henrique do Amaral e; Almeida, Élia Cláudia de Souza; Sousa, Júlio Cláudio; Reis, Luciana Guedes Vilela; Sousa, Jacqueline Batista; Etchebehere, Renata Margarida

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.032

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Therefore, tonsil hypertrophy is much more prevalent, characteristic [3][4][5], and causative to obstructive sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) in children [6]. Also in children, the tonsil can kindle infections that may give rise to acute or chronic tonsillitis [7]. Symptoms of tonsillitis include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsil, difficult swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes around the neck.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple hypertrophic tonsils have more active innate immune and inflammatory responses than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation in children

Qun

et al. 2020

Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery

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Background: Tonsil hypertrophy has negative impact on children's health, but its pathogenesis remains obscure despite the fact that numerous bacteriological studies have been carried out. Understanding the innate immune and inflammatory states of hypertrophic tonsils with different clinical manifestations is of great significance for defining the pathogenesis of tonsil hypertrophy and establishing treatment strategies. The present study was undertaken to examine the characteristics of innate immunity and inflammation in children with hypertrophic palatine tonsils and different clinical manifestations. Methods: Tonsil tissues were surgically removed from the patients and classified based on the patients' clinical manifestations. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) Control group; 2) Tonsil Hypertrophy (TH) group; and 3) Tonsil Hypertrophy combined with Recurrent Infection (TH + RI) group. The immune and inflammatory statuses of these tissues were characterized using qRT-PCR and ELISA methods. Results: Viral protein 1 (VP1) was highly expressed in TH group, but not in TH + RI group. In TH group, elevated expression was observed in the innate immune mediators, including retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), interferon alpha (IFN-α), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), tolllike receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR7. Consistent with the innate immune profile, the expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, NF-κB and IL-7) was also significantly elevated in TH group. Meanwhile, the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 signaling pathway was found to be involved in the inflammatory response and the formation of fibroblasts. Conclusions: Innate immune and inflammatory responses are more active in simple hypertrophic tonsils, rather than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation. A local relative immune deficiency in the hypertrophic tonsils may be a causative factor for recurrent tonsillitis in TH + RI. These differences, together with the patient's clinical manifestations, suggest that tonsillar hypertrophy might be regulated by diverse immune and/or inflammatory mechanism through which novel therapeutic strategies might be created.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple hypertrophic tonsils have more active innate immune and inflammatory responses than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation in children

Qun

et al. 2020

Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery

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“…The inflammatory infiltrate was initially classified as: a) present or absent; b) superficial: when present in the submucosa; deep: when it was located among salivary acini. The inflammatory infiltrate was classified as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2) and intense (3) according to the amount of inflammatory cells present in the tissue 11 , 12 . Due to the low frequencies, during the statistical analysis, we have arbitrarily chosen to group the mild (1) and absent (0) cases, which were then classified as 0 (mild + absent = 0), aside from the moderate (2) and intense (3) cases, that were also grouped and classified as 1 (moderate + intense = 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lingual salivary gland hypertrophy and decreased acinar density in chagasic patients without megaesophagus

Bertoldo

Etchebehere

Furtado

et al. 2019

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Tonsillar hyperplasia and recurrent acute tonsillitis in children: Immunohistochemical evaluation of the lymphatic tissue

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Simple hypertrophic tonsils have more active innate immune and inflammatory responses than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation in children

Simple hypertrophic tonsils have more active innate immune and inflammatory responses than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation in children

Lingual salivary gland hypertrophy and decreased acinar density in chagasic patients without megaesophagus

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