Tone Deafness: A New Disconnection Syndrome?

Loui, Psyche; Alsop, David C.; Schlaug, Gottfried

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1701-09.2009

Cited by 260 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…24,43,44,59 The right SLF III, however, is involved in visuospatial attention, prosody, and music processing. 30,39,60,65 segmentation of the aF In our study, the ventral AF originated in the middle and posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus (BA 22,41,42) and the middle part of the middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) and passed deep to the lower part of the supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). The dorsal AF originated in the posterior part of the middle and inferior temporal gyri (BA 37 and 20) and passed deep to the lower part of the angular gyrus (BA 39).…”

Section: Segmentation Of the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculusmentioning

confidence: 54%

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Yağmurlu¹,

Middlebrooks

Tanrıöver

et al. 2016

JNS

113

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T he contemporary dual stream language model is analogous to the visual system, which is composed of ventral "what" and dorsal "where" streams. 11,31The ventral language stream is involved in semantic (meaning of word) processing of speech, and the dorsal stream controls phonological (word production) processing of speech. 11,59 The arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF) are involved in the dorsal language stream, while the middle longitudinal (MLF), inferior longitudinal (ILF), inferior frontooccipital (IFOF), and uncinate fasciculi (UF) are associated with the ventral language stream (see Fig. 3C). 15,18,31,59 This study examined the components of the dorsal language stream (SLF and AF) using postmortem fiber dissection and DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) techniques (Figs. 1-3). These anatomical findings were compared with data from clinical-radiological analysis and intraoperative stimulation of white matter (Table 1).The frontoparietal network, called the SLF, was verified and delineated as the dorsal SLF I, the middle SLF II, obJective The aim of this study was to examine the arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF), which together form the dorsal language stream, using fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques in the human brain. methods Twenty-five formalin-fixed brains (50 hemispheres) and 3 adult cadaveric heads, prepared according to the Klingler method, were examined by the fiber dissection technique. The authors' findings were supported with MR tractography provided by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium. The frequencies of gyral distributions were calculated in segments of the AF and SLF in the cadaveric specimens. results The AF has ventral and dorsal segments, and the SLF has 3 segments: SLF I (dorsal pathway), II (middle pathway), and III (ventral pathway). The AF ventral segment connects the middle (88%; all percentages represent the area of the named structure that is connected to the tract) and posterior (100%) parts of the superior temporal gyri and the middle part (92%) of the middle temporal gyrus to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis, 40% in pars triangularis) and the ventral premotor cortex (84%) by passing deep to the lower part of the supramarginal gyrus (100%). The AF dorsal segment connects the posterior part of the middle (100%) and inferior temporal gyri (76%) to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis), ventral premotor cortex (72%), and posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus (56%) by passing deep to the lower part of the angular gyrus (100%). coNclusioNs This study depicts the distinct subdivision of the AF and SLF, based on cadaveric fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques, to clarify the complicated language processing pathways.

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Section: Segmentation Of the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculusmentioning

confidence: 54%

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Yağmurlu¹,

Middlebrooks

Tanrıöver

et al. 2016

JNS

113

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“…Congenital amusia is a neurogenetic disorder that is characterized by a deficit in melody processing that cannot be explained by hearing loss or intellectual deficiencies (30). Congenital amusia is hereditary (31,32) and is associated with reduced connectivity between the right auditory and inferior frontal cortices (33)(34)(35). The root functional cause of the musical impairments appears to lie in the processing of pitch.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The basis of musical consonance as revealed by congenital amusia

Cousineau

McDermott

Peretz

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

163

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Some combinations of musical notes sound pleasing and are termed "consonant," but others sound unpleasant and are termed "dissonant." The distinction between consonance and dissonance plays a central role in Western music, and its origins have posed one of the oldest and most debated problems in perception. In modern times, dissonance has been widely believed to be the product of "beating": interference between frequency components in the cochlea that has been believed to be more pronounced in dissonant than consonant sounds. However, harmonic frequency relations, a higher-order sound attribute closely related to pitch perception, has also been proposed to account for consonance. To tease apart theories of musical consonance, we tested sound preferences in individuals with congenital amusia, a neurogenetic disorder characterized by abnormal pitch perception. We assessed amusics' preferences for musical chords as well as for the isolated acoustic properties of beating and harmonicity. In contrast to control subjects, amusic listeners showed no preference for consonance, rating the pleasantness of consonant chords no higher than that of dissonant chords. Amusics also failed to exhibit the normally observed preference for harmonic over inharmonic tones, nor could they discriminate such tones from each other. Despite these abnormalities, amusics exhibited normal preferences and discrimination for stimuli with and without beating. This dissociation indicates that, contrary to classic theories, beating is unlikely to underlie consonance. Our results instead suggest the need to integrate harmonicity as a foundation of music preferences, and illustrate how amusia may be used to investigate normal auditory function. music perception | aesthetic preferences | roughness

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“…Used to describe individuals born with a lifelong musical impairment, empirical work into the condition has confirmed that amusia is a genuine perceptual agnosia, characterized by deficits in melody recognition and discrimination (Stewart, von Kriegstein, Warren, & Griffiths, 2006). Neuroimaging studies have suggested that the musical difficulties observed in individuals with amusia are related to subtle differences in brain structure and connectivity (Hyde, Zatorre, Griffiths, Lerch, & Peretz, 2006;Loui, Alsop, & Schlaug, 2009;Mandell, Schulze, & Schlaug, 2007) and the condition appears to be hereditary (Drayna, Manichaikul, de Lange, Snieder, & Spector, 2001;Peretz, Cummings, & Dubé, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experience of Music in Congenital Amusia

Omigie

Müllensiefen

2012

Music Perception

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Tone Deafness: A New Disconnection Syndrome?

Cited by 260 publications

References 49 publications

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

The basis of musical consonance as revealed by congenital amusia

The Experience of Music in Congenital Amusia

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