Tomographic Imaging of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using GNSS and Geostationary Satellite Observations

Bolmgren, Karl; Mitchell, Cathryn N.; Bruno, Jon; Bust, G. S.

doi:10.1029/2019ja027551

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The amplitudes of the large-scale TIDs are rather small compared to other storm perturbations (e.g., trough and BPD) and unlikely to be present in our tomography. Still, Bolmgren et al (2020) demonstrated that a 3D reconstruction of large-scale TID signatures is possible with tomography. A detailed discussion of all these large-scale storm effects is beyond the ambit of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global‐Scale Ionospheric Tomography During the March 17, 2015 Geomagnetic Storm

et al. 2021

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Measuring the electron density in the ionosphere is an important step to improve our understanding of the solar-terrestrial environment impact on communication, surveillance, and navigation systems. Several methods can be applied to estimate the three-dimensional (3D) electron density in the ionosphere (Bust & Mitchell, 2008). In this context, the computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) gained attention in the last three decades since it provides accurate observations of the ionospheric electron density over large areas (Austen et al., 1988;Norberg et al., 2018). The main products are 3D spatial fields of the electron density, which evolve with time in a series of snapshots. Over the last 20 years, several achievements have been obtained by CIT techniques. It has been demonstrated that these images can be used to describe the overall ionospheric plasma structure and its temporal evolution in the atmosphere. They have been successfully used to represent important ionospheric dynamics, such as traveling ionospheric disturbances (Bolmgren et al., 2020;Chen et al., 2016), geomagnetic storm signatures

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global‐Scale Ionospheric Tomography During the March 17, 2015 Geomagnetic Storm

et al. 2021

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“…The amplitude of TIDs can vary from 0-15% (Bolmgren et al, 2020). Over Northern Scandinavia, it is found that the TIDs occur predominantly during pre-midnight hours 18 -24 LT and their occurrence is scarce during post-midnight hours 0 -6 LT (Shiokawa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Ionospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Planetary Radar Science Case for EISCAT 3D

Tveito¹,

Vierinen²,

Gustavsson³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Ground-based inverse synthetic aperture radar is a tool that can provide insights into the early history and formative processes of planetary bodies in the inner Solar System. This information is gathered by measuring the scattering matrix of the target body, providing composite information about the physical structure and chemical makeup of its surface and subsurface down to the penetration depth of the radio wave. This work describes the technical capabilities of the upcoming 233 MHz EISCAT 3D radar facility for measuring planetary surfaces. Estimates of the achievable signal-to-noise ratios for terrestrial target bodies are provided. While Venus and Mars can possibly be detected, only the Moon is found to have sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to allow high resolution mapping to be performed. The performance of the EISCAT 3D antenna layout is evaluated for interferometric range-Doppler disambiguation and it is found to be well suited for this task, providing up to 20 dB of separation between Doppler north and south hemispheres in our case study. The low frequency used by EISCAT 3D is more affected by the ionosphere than higher frequency radars. The magnitude of the Doppler broadening due to ionospheric propagation effects associated with traveling ionospheric disturbances has been estimated.The effect is found to be significant, but not severe enough to prevent high resolution imaging. A survey of Lunar observing opportunities between 2022 and 2040 are evaluated by investigating the path of the sub-radar point when the Moon is above the local radar horizon. During this time, a good variety of look directions and Doppler equator directions are found, with observations opportunities available for approximately ten days every lunar month. EISCAT 3D will be able to provide new high quality polarimetric scattering map of the near-side of the Moon with a previously unused wavelength of 1.3 m, which provides a good compromise between radio wave penetration depth and Doppler resolution.

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“…These simple model calculations are representative of what can be expected. Furthermore, previous studies of ionospheric TIDs from Tromsø indicate that conducting the experiment during post-midnight hours in geomagnetically quiet periods is preferable in order to reduce the Doppler broadening effects caused by the ionosphere (Brekke, 2012). Moreover, EISCAT 3D can be used to accurately measure the ionospheric electron density during observations, which can then be used to correct for phase variations caused by the ionosphere.…”

Section: Ionospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary radar science case for EISCAT 3D

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Ground-based inverse synthetic aperture radar is a tool that can provide insights into the early history and formative processes of planetary bodies in the inner solar system. This information is gathered by measuring the scattering matrix of the target body, providing composite information about the physical structure and chemical makeup of its surface and subsurface down to the penetration depth of the radio wave. This work describes the technical capabilities of the upcoming 233 MHz European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) 3D radar facility for measuring planetary surfaces. Estimates of the achievable signal-to-noise ratios for terrestrial target bodies are provided. While Venus and Mars can possibly be detected, only the Moon is found to have sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to allow high-resolution mapping to be performed. The performance of the EISCAT 3D antenna layout is evaluated for interferometric range–Doppler disambiguation, and it is found to be well suited for this task, providing up to 20 dB of separation between Doppler northern and southern hemispheres in our case study. The low frequency used by EISCAT 3D is more affected by the ionosphere than higher-frequency radars. The magnitude of the Doppler broadening due to ionospheric propagation effects associated with traveling ionospheric disturbances has been estimated. The effect is found to be significant but not severe enough to prevent high-resolution imaging. A survey of lunar observing opportunities between 2022 and 2040 is evaluated by investigating the path of the sub-radar point when the Moon is above the local radar horizon. During this time, a good variety of look directions and Doppler equator directions are found, with observations opportunities available for approximately 10 d every lunar month. EISCAT 3D will be able to provide new, high-quality polarimetric scattering maps of the nearside of the Moon with the previously unused wavelength of 1.3 m, which provides a good compromise between radio wave penetration depth and Doppler resolution.

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Tomographic Imaging of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using GNSS and Geostationary Satellite Observations

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Global‐Scale Ionospheric Tomography During the March 17, 2015 Geomagnetic Storm

Global‐Scale Ionospheric Tomography During the March 17, 2015 Geomagnetic Storm

Planetary Radar Science Case for EISCAT 3D

Planetary radar science case for EISCAT 3D

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