“…E nd-stage degeneration and destruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can occur as a result of trauma, osteoarthritis, reactive arthritis, failed previous surgeries, infection, ankylosis, idiopathic condylar resorption, connective tissue/autoimmune diseases (CTAD; e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, Sjogren's disease, ankylosing spondylitis), and other pathological TMJ conditions. The joint structures also can be destroyed from alloplastic implants such as Proplast-Teflon (Vitek Inc, Houston, TX), Silastic (Dow-Corning Inc, Midland, MO), acrylic, and bone cements (1)(2)(3)(4). These TMJ pathologies can result in retrusion of the mandible, loss of vertical height of the ramus secondary to condylar resorption, anterior open bite, Class II malocclusion, increased occlusal and mandibular plane angulations, limited jaw function, masticatory dysfunction, alteration of speech, decreased oropharyngeal airway, sleep apnea, and mild, moderate, or severe pain.…”