Tomato chlorotic spot virus in hydroponically-grown lettuce in São Paulo State, Brazil

Abstract

In the regions of Campinas and Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil, hidroponically grown crops of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. Verônica, which showed virus-like symptoms were examined by electron microscope, biological, serological and molecular tests. Pleomorphic, enveloped particles (80-100 nm in diameter) were always detected in these samples. Experimentally inoculated host plants, including lettuce, reacted with tospoviruses-induced symptoms. Some differences were observed in Gomphrena globosa, which reacted by showing local lesions and systemic mosaic. Two isolates of Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) were identified by DAS-ELISA and by RT-PCR. The sequencing and alignment of the RT-PCR coat protein amplified fragments have indicated a high degree of homology with the TCSV sequences stored in the GenBank. This is the first report of losses due to a virus from the genus Tospovirus in commercial hydroponic lettuce crops in Brazil. Further epidemiological studies are needed for better understanding the spread of the virus in hydroponic crops, since Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is reported to spread through the nutritive solution.

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Thrips

“…Both TCSV and GRSV have been implicated in lettuce disease in Sa˜o Paulo state. TCSV has been found in hydroponically grown lettuce (Colariccio et al, 2001c).…”

A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

“…In 1990, TCSV was first characterized as a distinct serotype of TSWV from tomatoes in Brazil (De Avila et al ., , ). Subsequently, TCSV was isolated from sweet peppers, potatoes, endives, celery, lisianthus and various weeds with mosaic, necrosis, chlorotic or stunting symptoms in Argentina and Brazil (Boiteux et al ., ; Gracia et al ., ; Colariccio et al ., ; Dal Bio et al ., ; Eiras et al ., ), and from outbreaks on lettuce and gilo in Brazil (Colariccio et al ., ; Rabelo et al ., ). In the USA, TCSV was first detected from tomatoes in south Florida in 2012 (Londoño et al ., ), and then from lettuce, impatiens and peppers (Webster et al ., ).…”

Novel sources of resistance/tolerance to orthotospoviruses in Lactuca germplasm identified via field exposure to viruliferous vectors and in greenhouse mechanical transmission assays

“…The disease called 'spotted wilt' (induced by a complex of orthotospoviruses) is one of the main problems for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in Brazil (Colariccio et al 2004;Lima et al 2016) as well as in the Southern Cone region of South America (Gracia et al 1999). The typical symptoms in lettuce involve the presence of foliar brown spots, followed by larger necrotic areas and asymmetrical leaf/plant growth.…”

“…Affected plants might become stunted with an overall distorted shape (Lima et al 2016). Outbreaks are frequent during dry winters and hot/rainy seasons, with yield losses reaching up to 100% in open eld crops and up to 40% in hydroponic cultivation (Colariccio et al 2004; Lima et al…”