Toll-like receptors: A double edge sword

Shah, Mishal; Patel, A; Ganna, Priteshkumar Sureshchand; Shah, Kinnari

doi:10.4103/2229-5194.126853

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Careful genetic research revealed mutations in the gene encoding TLR4. More than thirteen TLRs have been identified in humans and mice to yet [5] .…”

Section: Tlr Evolution and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll like receptors in periodontal health and disease

Sitamahalakshmi¹,

Krishnakumar²

2022

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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A bacterial infection that affects the periodontium in various ways is called periodontitis. Bacterial plaque triggers the inflammatory response in the host, which damages the host's tissue. In response to microbial invasion, it is now understood that the immune system uses a family of pattern-recognition receptors termed Toll-like receptors as a mechanism to initiate an inflammatory response. TLRs, or tolllike receptors, were first identified in the drosophila and released antimicrobial compounds to fight fungus. The primary sensors of the innate immune response are toll-like receptors. Understanding how toll-like receptors contribute to gingivitis and periodontitis aids in the treatment of periodontal disease using the host modulation therapy approach.

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“…Careful genetic research revealed mutations in the gene encoding TLR4. More than thirteen TLRs have been identified in humans and mice to yet [5] .…”

Section: Tlr Evolution and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll like receptors in periodontal health and disease

Sitamahalakshmi¹,

Krishnakumar²

2022

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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“…The TLR family can recognise a wide variety of PAMP expressing bacterial, viral and fungal components and are found on various innate and adaptive immune cells [29]. Extracellular pathogens are detected by the cell surface TLRs (TLR-1, -2, -4, -5 and -6) while intracellular pathogen-derived products are detected by intracellular TLRs (TLR-3, -7, -8 and -9) [2,29,31,33,62].…”

Section: The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of applications of Raman spectroscopy in immunology

Chaudhary

Wynne

Meade

2020

BSI

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Vibrational spectroscopic techniques have recently gained increasing clinical importance as non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive methods to obtain information on the content of biological samples. For some time Raman spectroscopy has been involved in preclinical applications, mainly in the cancer space, with evolving applications towards new horizons in the dermatology and companion diagnostics arena. It is attractive as an analytical technique due to its exquisite sensitivity, labelfree operation and low water detectivity such that in-vivo applications are possible. In cytometry, Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the analysis of single cells providing a label-free alternative to cell classification approaches in the laboratory. In this review we collate in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo examples of research using Raman spectroscopy for the detection, quantification and analysis of immune signaling at the cellular level. While cancer biology has recently focussed on the role of immunological signals in the development of the disease, it is timely to examine these applications as research in this space evolves.

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Dendritic Cells as Targets for Biomaterial-Based Immunomodulation

Eslami-Kaliji

Sarafbidabad

Rajadas

et al. 2020

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Various subtypes of immunocytes react against implanted biomaterials to eliminate the foreign body object from the host’s body. Among these cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in early immune response, later engaging lymphocytes through antigens presentation. Due to their capability to induce tolerogenic or immunogenic responses, DCs have been considered as key therapeutic targets for immunomodulatory products. For instance, tolerogenic DCs are applied in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, rejection of allograft transplantation, and implanted biomaterial. Due to the emerging importance of DCs in immunomodulatory biomaterials, this Review summarizes DCs’ responsessuch as adhesion, migration, and maturationto biomaterials. We also review some examples of key molecules and their applications in DCs’ immunoengineering. These evaluations would pave the way for designing advanced biomaterials and nanomaterials to modulate the immune system, applicable in tissue engineering, transplantation, and drug delivery technologies.

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Toll-like receptors: A double edge sword

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Toll like receptors in periodontal health and disease

Toll like receptors in periodontal health and disease

A review of applications of Raman spectroscopy in immunology

Dendritic Cells as Targets for Biomaterial-Based Immunomodulation

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