Probiotics have a future in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis, as antibiotics are prescribed most of the time. These antibiotics can lead to the emergence of drug resistant micro-organisms and they can also disturb the beneficial microflora of the body. Thus, as an alternative to antibiotics, probiotics can be used, as they repopulate the beneficial microflora and reduce the pathogenic bacteria.
Context:The over usage and broad use of antibiotics resulted in the emergence of resistant microorganisms to the drugs which also disturb the indigenous microflora, which include the Lactobacillus in the oral cavity. Hence, it is preferred to avoid the use of antibiotics.Aims:The hypothesis tested in this study was that 14 days of treatment with Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges, L. brevis CD2 with oral doxycycline, or doxycycline alone would have a beneficial effect on periodontal health after 5 months.Settings and Design:It was a randomized clinical trial.Materials and Methods:Eighteen nonsmoking patients aged 14–35 years, with aggressive periodontitis, were randomized to receive 14 days of treatment with L. brevis CD2 lozenges (two lozenges daily), L. brevis CD2 lozenges with oral doxycycline (100 mg tablet once daily), or doxycycline alone. Saliva samples were taken on day 0, 2 weeks, 2 months, and 5 months. Clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level) and microbiological parameters (lactobacilli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) were evaluated.Statistical Analysis Used:Changes between groups were evaluated using repeated measure analysis of variance.Results:All clinical parameters shown to be numerically improved at 5 months when compared with baseline in all the three groups. The improvement (P < 0.01) in gingival index was statistically significant, and the intergroup results were also statistically significant (P < 0.01).Conclusions:Fourteen days of treatment with lozenges having L. brevis CD2 have a lasting effect on clinical measures of aggressive periodontitis, particularly gingival index. This effect appears to be equivalent to that produced by doxycycline.
Central venous access devices are routinely used in oncology for delivering chemotherapy of which implantable chemoports are the most common. Spontaneous breakage and migration of the catheters is a very rare but known complication of the procedure. Patients will usually present with cardiac manifestations in form of chest pain or arrythmias. Herein we report a case of spontaneous breakage and cardiac migration in which the patient was asymptomatic. Patient was successfully managed by an interventional cardiologist.Keywords Chemoport . Fracture . Migration A 3 year old male child was diagnosed as having Hodgkins lymphoma and subsequently planned for chemotherapy in our hospital. A chemoport catheter (bard, 6.6f) was placed in the right internal jugular vein and port was placed in the chest wall for chemotherapy. After the procedure, a chest x ray revealed good placement of the chemoport. Then the child underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy in next 6 months through this port and had a very good response. Patient was then planned for port removal. On examination it was found that the port was in situ but the catheter was not palpable in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck. A chest radiograph was performed due to suspicion of catheter migration secondary to spontaneous breakage (dislodgement) of chemoport catheter. It showed that the chemoport catheter had migrated from its original location up to the right ventricle, travelling across the right atrium and right ventricle through pulmonary artery. (Fig. 1). Surprisingly the child was asymptomatic and there were no ECG changes as well. Patient was then referred to a cardiology department for a possible percutaneous retrieval of the migrated catheter. As the patient was asymptomatic and stable so an elective procedure was planned. On the next day patient was taken to cath lab and retrieval was done under fluoroscopic guidance under general anesthesia. The right femoral vein was punctured, and a 6Fr sheath was inserted. Percutaneous retrieval of migrated catheter was performed with a 6 Fr snare (peripheral snare, Cordis) (Fig. 2). Floating end of the migrated catheter in right atrium was snared and pulled down via inferior vena cava towards right femoral vein under fluoroscopic guidance and finally the port catheter fragment along with retrieval set were removed through right femoral vein (Fig. 1). The length of the migrated piece was 8cm, and no thrombus was observed at the tip (Fig. 1). No major complication occurred during and after the procedure and the patient was discharged on the next day. This is a unique case because spontaneous breakage of venous access devices is very rare and patients are usually symptomatic.
DiscussionTotally implantable venous devices have been used increasingly in cancer patients since the mid-1980s. TIVDs facilitate effective long-term chemotherapy as well as parenteral nutrition, fluid replacement, and frequent blood sampling.However, TIVDs are not without complications. Early complications include incorrect position, improper a...
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