Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of B cells and macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from cell culture of Acanthopanax senticosus

Han, Sang Bae; Yoon, Yeo Dae; Ahn, Hyo Jung; Lee, Heang Soon; Lee, Chang Woo; Yoon, Woon Kee; Park, Song Kyu; Kim, Hwan Mook

doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(03)00118-8

Cited by 184 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Kim et al have reported substances with similar properties: polysaccharides isolated from Acanthopanax senticosus and Acanthopanax koreanum potently activated B cells of C3H/HeN mice but much less potently activated B cells of C3H/HeJ mice, and the activity of the polysaccharides was resistant to polymyxin B. 14,15) These results suggest that the effect of red bell pepper extract is not due to, if any, contaminating LPS in the preparation and that both mechanisms involving and not involving TLR4 are responsible for the effects of the extract. A considerable number of potential agonists of non-microbial origin have been reported to activate the TLR4 pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancement of Immunoglobulin M Production in B Cells by the Extract of Red Bell Pepper

Goto

Sarker

Ming

et al. 2010

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Under immunocompromised conditions such as aging, cancer, diabetes, burns, and sepsis, external agents may be useful for upregulation of the immune system to prevent infection. Dietary products have the advantage of being safe and easy to take. An extract of red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) flesh markedly enhanced immunoglobulin M (IgM) production by murine B cells and their proliferation. The effect of the extract on IgM production was not abrogated by treatment with polymyxin B and was also observed in spleen cells of lipopolysaccharideunresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. Treatment of B cells with the extract resulted in an increase in the number of IgMsecreting cells and cluster of differentiation (CD)138-positive cells. The IgM production-enhancing activity was resistant to trypsin treatment but was heat-labile. The activity was eluted in a peak with a molecular weight of 6000 on gel filtration. These results demonstrated that the extract of red bell pepper enhanced IgM production in B cells and suggest that the active substance(s) in the extract is a non-proteinous heat-labile macromolecule.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancement of Immunoglobulin M Production in B Cells by the Extract of Red Bell Pepper

Goto

Sarker

Ming

et al. 2010

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…In addition to LPS, TLR-4 has been shown to recognize endogenous ligands such as heat shock proteins (HSP60 and HSP70), the extra domain A of fibronectins, oligosaccharides of hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, and fibrinogen (3,5,24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like Receptor-4 Is Up-Regulated in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Contributes to Increased Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Maratheftis

Andreakos

Moutsopoulos

et al. 2007

Clinical Cancer Research

126

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Purpose: To investigate the function and expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in bone marrow cells of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and to examine their involvement in the apoptotic phenomenon characterizing MDS hematopoiesis. Experimental Design: TLR mRNA and protein expression was investigated in bone marrow cell populations of MDS patients and controls. TLR-4 ability to recognize lipopolysaccharide and up-regulate self mRNA and protein expression was examined. Tumor necrosis factor involvement in the constitutive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR expression was also evaluated. Possible correlation between TLR-4 overexpression and apoptosis was investigated by simultaneous staining with Annexin V and TLR-4. Results: TLR-2 and TLR-4 are expressed in almost all bone marrow cell lineages including megakaryocytes, erythroid cells, myeloid precursors, monocytes, and B lymphocytes and are up-regulated in MDS patients compared with controls. In hematopoietic CD34+ cells, TLR-4 is also expressed and significantly up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. Treatment with an anti–tumor necrosis factor antibody reduces both constitutive and LPS-induced TLR-4 levels. Increased TLR-4 expression correlates with increased apoptosis as TLR-4 is almost exclusively found in apoptotic bone marrow mononuclear and CD34+ cells. The addition of the TLR-4 ligand LPS further enhances the apoptosis of these cells. Conclusions: TLR-4 and other TLRs are significantly up-regulated in MDS patients whereas TLR-4 is involved in promoting apoptosis, possibly contributing to MDS cytopenia.

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“…Interactions may include complement receptor type 3, CD14, mannose, and beta-glucan receptors. There is evidence that polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus, Acanthopanax senticosus and koreanum, Ganoderma lucidum, and Platycodon grandiflorum 136,137 interact with TLRs (especially TLR4).…”

Section: Herbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Medicine and Biomodulation in Cancer Patients—Part Two

Sagar

Wong

2008

Current Oncology

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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a whole system containing therapeutic interventions that individually induce biomodulation at the physiologic, chemical, and molecular levels. The theory of TCM proposes a synergy between specific interventions selected as part of a care plan based on TCM diagnostic theory. Combining TCM with the modern practice of oncology seems, in conjunction with biomedical interventions (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and pharmaceuticals), to have potential advantages through the synergy of biomodulation. Biomodulation approaches are broadly categorized as modification of tumour response and reduction of adverse effects; modulation of immunity; prevention of cancer progression; and enhancement of symptom control. Although the database of preclinical studies is rapidly expanding, good-quality clinical trials are notably scarce.Laboratory studies suggest that some herbs increase the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy without increasing toxicity. A healthy immune system is necessary for control of malignant disease, and the immune suppression associated with cancer contributes to its progression. Many Chinese herbs contain glycoproteins and polysaccharides (among them, constituents of Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng, and various other medicinal mushrooms) that can modulate metastatic potential and the innate immune system. Phytochemicals such as specific polysaccharides have been shown to boost the innate immune system, especially through interaction with Tolllike receptors in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. This intervention can potentially improve the effectiveness of new anticancer vaccines. An increase in virusassociated cancers presents a major public health problem that requires novel therapeutic strategies. A number of herbal therapies have both antiviral activity and the ability to promote immunity, possibly inhibiting the initiation and promotion of virus-associated cancers.The mechanisms learned from basic science should be applied to clinical trials both of specific interventions and of whole-system care plans that safely combine the TCM approach with the conventional biomedical model. In Western medicine, the combination of TCM herbs with drug therapies is controversial, given lack of knowledge concerning whether a drug is favourably enhanced or whether adverse effects occur. Using initial data from the preclinical studies, future clinical research needs to evaluate the combinations, some of which are showing favourable synergy.

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Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of B cells and macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from cell culture of Acanthopanax senticosus

Cited by 184 publications

References 31 publications

Enhancement of Immunoglobulin M Production in B Cells by the Extract of Red Bell Pepper

Enhancement of Immunoglobulin M Production in B Cells by the Extract of Red Bell Pepper

Toll-like Receptor-4 Is Up-Regulated in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Contributes to Increased Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Chinese Medicine and Biomodulation in Cancer Patients—Part Two

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