Toll-like receptor 2 is highly expressed in lesions of acne inversa and colocalizes with C-type lectin receptor

Hunger, Robert E.; Surovy, Andre M.; Hassan, Amr; Braathen, L.R.; Yawalkar, Nikhil

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08425.x

Cited by 110 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous studies have mainly investigated the immunological responses of the skin [5,6,9] in HS as opposed to peripheral blood reflecting the systemic response. It may further be speculated that the response in the peripheral blood is related to the existence of relevant comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leukocyte Profile in Peripheral Blood and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of 462 Cases

et al. 2016

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Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease. Increasing evidence suggests that HS involves dysfunctional immune responses in both the adaptive and the innate immune system. The recently proposed association of HS with metabolic syndrome may further add to the inflammatory state in HS. Objective: To investigate the status of inflammation and leukocyte profile in the peripheral blood of HS patients. Materials and Methods: Using a comparative cross-sectional study design, we investigated blood samples of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and leukocyte profile in hospital-treated HS patients (HS-HOSP), self-reported population-based HS patients (HS-POP) and population controls. Results: Our study comprised 32 individuals in the HS-HOSP group, 430 in the HS-POP group, and 20,780 controls. The median hs-CRP for the HS-HOSP group was 5.1 mg/l (quartile range 2.6-8.2), 2.2 mg/l (1.0-4.3) for the HS-POP group and 1.3 mg/l (0.7-2.9) for the controls. An age-sex-adjusted analysis revealed a significantly higher hs-CRP for both HS groups compared to controls (p < 0.0001). When performing age-sex-adjusted analysis, both HS groups had significantly higher odds of leukocytosis when compared to controls with an odds ratio for the HS-HOSP group of 4.38 (95% CI = 2.18-8.80; p < 0.0001) and 1.95 (95% CI = 1.58-2.42; p < 0.0001) for the HS-POP group. The age-sex-adjusted leukocyte differential count yielded significantly higher neutrophil (p < 0.0001) and monocyte (p = 0.0014, p = 0.0004) levels in the HS groups compared with controls. Conclusion: The hs-CRP levels associated with HS appear to be intermediate (2.2-5.1 mg/l), implying systemic inflammation rather than infection. The peripheral blood leukocytosis in HS was dominated by neutrophils and monocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing evidence suggests that HS involves dysfunctional immune responses in both the adaptive and innate immune systems [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. This may affect the mix of circulating leukocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte Profile in Peripheral Blood and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of 462 Cases

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, deficient notch signaling is able to switch the fate of outer root sheath cells, resulting in the conversion of hair follicles to keratin-enriched epidermal cysts, and compromise apocrine gland homoeostasis also leading to stimulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immunity by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules released by either ruptured epidermal cysts exposing keratin fibers or altered structural components of less maintained apocrine glands, supporting and maintaining chronic inflammation. Particularly, it is believed that stimulation of TLRs on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), the most abundant cells in HS lesions, leads to increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β) and activation of DCs, which secrete IL-23 promoting Th17 cell polarization (IL-17-producing T helper cells were found to infiltrate the dermis in chronic HS lesions) [40,41,42,43,44,45,46]. Due to deficient notch signaling, impaired notch-mediated feedback inhibition of innate immunity by reduced activation of MAPK phosphatase-1 may result in chronic inflammation and Th17-driven auto-inflammation leading to progressive tissue destruction and IL-17-mediated neutrophil attraction in HS [40,41].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical and Surgical Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Review

Scuderi

Monfrecola

Dessy

et al. 2017

Skin Appendage Disord

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease presenting with painful nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring primarily affecting apocrine gland-rich intertriginous areas. HS prevalence ranges from 0.05 to 1%. The central pathogenic event in HS is believed to be the occlusion of the upper part of the folliculopilosebaceous unit, leading to the rupture of the sebofollicular canal with the consequent development of perifollicular lymphohistiocytic inflammation. The HS treatment choices are influenced by disease severity and its individual subjective impact, involving both medical and surgical interventions. However, given the chronic nature of HS, its destructive impact on social, working, and daily life of patients, its management is often frustrating for both the patient and physician. Hence, prompt and effective management strategies are urgently needed and a multidisciplinary approach is advocated. Therefore, in this article, we highlighted the main features of HS (clinical aspects, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, classifications, comorbidities, and treatments), so that awareness of this disease might be heightened in primary care physicians and surgeons, who may be the first health care providers to see patients with this disease owing to its characteristic clinical presentation (inflammatory nodules, abscesses, sinus tract, etc.).

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“…These similarities between the two disorders have led to the suggestion of acne inversa as a more appropriate description than HS [8]. Furthermore, studies have shown that similar to acne toll-like receptor 2 expression is increased in macrophages and dendritic cells of patients with HS [9]. However, there are several differences which exist between acne and HS including microbiology, clinical presentation, and response to treatment [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Nosrati¹,

Hunter²,

Kelly³

2012

JCDSA

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease that involves sebaceous glands and hair follicles of intertriginous areas, including axillary and inguinal regions. It is often chronic, painful, disabling, and can worsen over time. Besides surgically excising affected areas, effective treatments are currently lacking. The long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is a device that has traditionally been used for hair removal, but has recently shown promise in clearing old lesions of HS and preventing new eruptions. In accordance with studies in the current literature, we hypothesize that the Nd:YAG laser will significantly improve subjects with hidradenitis suppurativa compared to standard, uninvasive treatment with topical antibiotics [1,2]. Study aims include: to treat subjects with hidradenitis suppurativa with Nd:YAG laser therapy once monthly for 3 consecutive months, with a one month followup; to compare the effectiveness of Nd:YAG treatment on one side of the subject (e.g., right) to treatment with topical antibiotics on the subject's other side (e.g., left); to assess treatment response using a visual analogue scale; to assess subject satisfaction with treatment using a questionnaire; and to photodocument treatment response at each visit.

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Toll-like receptor 2 is highly expressed in lesions of acne inversa and colocalizes with C-type lectin receptor

Abstract: These data indicate that the enhanced expression of TLR2 by infiltrating macrophages and DCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions of acne inversa.

Cited by 110 publications

References 25 publications

Leukocyte Profile in Peripheral Blood and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of 462 Cases

Leukocyte Profile in Peripheral Blood and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of 462 Cases

Medical and Surgical Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Review

Efficacy of Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa

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