Toe walking in childhood schizophrenia

Colbert, Edward G.; Koegler, Ronald R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(58)80174-2

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Accidents causing fractures/soft tissue injuries [5] Angelman syndrome [6] Anklyosing spondlyitis [7] Autistic spectrum disorders [8] Cerebral Palsy [9,10] Charcot-Marie-Tooth [11]/Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type 1A [12] Congenital talipes equinus [13] Developmental Coordination Disorder (Previously known as Clumsy Child Syndrome) [13] Global developmental delay [14] Leg length discrepancy [15] Muscular Dystrophy [16] Puncture wounds [17] Scarring from accidents or burns [18] Schizophrenia [19] Spina Bifida [20] Tethered cord syndrome [21] Transient focal dystonia of the lower leg muscles [22] Tumour within the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle [23] Venous malformation of the gastrocnemius muscle [24] The electronic databases searched included: Published texts and references within relevant articles were also searched and included within this review. The results of this search are shown within Table 2 .…”

Section: Table 1 Known Conditions Associated With or Causing Toe Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Idiopathic toe walking and sensory processing dysfunction

Williams

Tinley²,

Curtin

2010

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background: It is generally understood that toe walking involves the absence or limitation of heel strike in the contact phase of the gait cycle. Toe walking has been identified as a symptom of disease processes, trauma and/or neurogenic influences. When there is no obvious cause of the gait pattern, a diagnosis of idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is made. Although there has been limited research into the pathophysiology of ITW, there has been an increasing number of contemporary texts and practitioner debates proposing that this gait pattern is linked to a sensory processing dysfunction (SPD). The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature and provide a summary of what is known about the relationship between toe walking and SPD. Method: Forty-nine articles were reviewed, predominantly sourced from peer reviewed journals. Five contemporary texts were also reviewed. The literature styles consisted of author opinion pieces, letters to the editor, clinical trials, case studies, classification studies, poster/conference abstracts and narrative literature reviews. Literature was assessed and graded according to level of evidence. Results: Only one small prospective, descriptive study without control has been conducted in relation to idiopathic toe walking and sensory processing. A cross-sectional study into the prevalence of idiopathic toe walking proposed sensory processing as being a reason for the difference. A proposed link between ITW and sensory processing was found within four contemporary texts and one conference abstract.

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Section: Table 1 Known Conditions Associated With or Causing Toe Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ITW is a diagnosis that can only be made in the absence of any medical condition known to cause toe walking [2,3]. Table 1 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] shows a range of medical conditions associated with toe walking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%