Tobacco Use and Cessation Among Somalis in Minnesota

Consumo de tabaco en pipa de agua en estudiantes españoles de secundaria y bachillerato de la provincia de Las Palmas

“…Diversos autores (Gedefaw et al, 2013;Jawad et al, 2013b;Jensen y Kvernrød, 2008;Yen et al, 2012), destacan que fumar en pipa de agua supone un importante momento de socialización, considerando algunos de ellos que en la actualidad está de moda entre los jóvenes (Giuliani et al, 2008). Según Jensen y Kvernrød (2008) la función social de fumar pipa de agua incluye tres elementos claves, el tiempo, el juego y la conversación, siendo identificada esta práctica como una forma de recreación divertida y entretenida Martinasek (2011).…”

A systematic review on tobacco use among civilian populations affected by armed conflict

“…These studies were conducted with Somali and Bosnian refugees in the USA,30 36 38 41 42 Bosnian and other refugees in Canada,46 63 refugees in Lebanon,50 youths in Iraq,60 and people from postwar Croatia 64…”

“…In these five qualitative studies, participants described how they used smoking as a stress relief and escape mechanism and as a response to the sense of emptiness caused by war. Other common reasons for smoking included peer pressure, perception of being fashionable, family influences, and for fun or socialisation 38. Smoking was also linked to local culture 46 50.…”

“…Smoking was also linked to local culture 46 50. A study of Bosnian refugees noted how smoking was identified as a tradition,46 whereas a study of Somali refugees noted how tobacco users were perceived to have a less desirable physical appearance, health status and characters 38…”

“…A qualitative study of Somali refugees in the USA found that the most common cessation barriers cited by the participants were the lack of health insurance, not knowing what is effective and where to go, and absence of organised support groups for quitting 38. In a later quantitative study by the same author, it was found that only 11.9% of smokers had ever tried a cessation programme, and there was also a low willingness (6–8%) to participate in cessation programmes 37.…”