2003
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00272.x
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Tobacco smoking and risk for periodontal disease

Abstract: Smoking-associated relative risk is dependent on definition of disease and prevalence. Given other factors, a narrow definition will result in a low prevalence and a high risk and, vice versa, for a broader definition, prevalence will be high and the risk moderate.

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Cited by 135 publications
(119 citation statements)
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“…23 It has long been acknowledged that acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, AUG, Vincent's disease, trench mouth) is mostly found in smokers. 24 Of even greater clinical importance to patients and oral health practitioners is that up to 90% of cases of refractory periodontitis cases are found in smokers 13,25 with most refractory patients being heavy smokers. 13 Refractory periodontitis is defined as periodontitis having a poor response to treatment despite the patient having good plaque control.…”
Section: Relationship Between Smoking and Periodontal Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…23 It has long been acknowledged that acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, AUG, Vincent's disease, trench mouth) is mostly found in smokers. 24 Of even greater clinical importance to patients and oral health practitioners is that up to 90% of cases of refractory periodontitis cases are found in smokers 13,25 with most refractory patients being heavy smokers. 13 Refractory periodontitis is defined as periodontitis having a poor response to treatment despite the patient having good plaque control.…”
Section: Relationship Between Smoking and Periodontal Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Este mal hábito ha sido asociado tanto con periodontitis como con complicaciones implantarías (Leonhardt et al, 2002;Bergström, 2003;Gruica et al, 2004). El fenó-meno es que dentro de los fumadores, más pacientes mantienen cultivos positivos para patógenos periodontales luego de la terapia puede contribuir a los resultados desfavorables frecuentemente observados en pacientes fumadores con periodontitis (Van der Velden et al, 2003).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…4 Tobacco smoking is the main risk factor associated with chronic destructive periodontal disease. 32 The harmful effects manifest themselves by interfering with vascular and immunologic reactions, as well as by undermining the supportive functions of the periodontal tissues. 8,9,13 Thus, chronic destructive periodontal disease in cigarette smokers is initiated and driven by smoking.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%