Tobacco outlet density and adolescents’ cigarette smoking: a meta-analysis

Finan, Laura J.; Lipperman‐Kreda, Sharon; Abadi, Melissa H.; Grube, Joel W.; Kaner, Emily; Balassone, Anna; Gaidus, Andrew

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054065

Cited by 60 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Introduction A number of studies have found a significant positive relationship between exposure to tobacco retailing surrounding the home and smoking outcomes in adolescents, 110 but the mechanisms behind this association are poorly understood. One study showed direct effects, whereby greater tobacco retailer density was associated with higher brand awareness in never-smokers, and indirect effects through higher smoking among family and friends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

et al. 2020

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Background Tobacco displays at point of sale have been shown to increase young people’s pro-smoking attitudes, susceptibility to smoking and smoking initiation. In Scotland, legislation that prohibited tobacco point-of-sale displays was implemented in large stores (i.e. those > 280 m2) in April 2013 and in small retailers in April 2015. Objective To assess the impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people’s exposure to tobacco advertising, their attitudes to smoking and smoking susceptibility, and their risk of smoking initiation. Design Multimodal before-and-after study design using mixed methods to collect data at baseline (2013) and then longitudinally for 4 years. Setting Four main study communities in the central belt of mainland Scotland, UK, purposively selected to reflect two levels of urbanity (urban vs. small town) and two levels of deprivation (high vs. medium/low). Four matched communities. Participants In the main study communities, 94 tobacco retail outlets. All Secondary 2 (aged 13 years) and Secondary 4 (aged 15 years) pupils in 2013 and 2014 together with all Secondary 1 to Secondary 6 (aged 12–17 years) pupils in 2015–17. This included 6612 pupils who completed 14,344 questionnaires over 5 years. Three hundred and eighty-two participants in 80 focus groups who were recruited from Secondary 2 and Secondary 4 in 2013–17. In matched communities, 24 retail panel members in 2013–17. Main outcome measures Tobacco product and tobacco storage visibility, density of retail outlets (the number of retailers in a pre-defined area such as a residential neighbourhood), tobacco product exposure, brand awareness, perceived accessibility of tobacco, pro-smoking attitudes, pro-smoking norms, smoking susceptibility and smoking initiation. Data platform and methods The study had four components – a mapping and spatial analysis of retail outlets; a tobacco marketing audit, including retail panel interviews in matched communities; school surveys; and focus group discussions with secondary school pupils. Limitations The study was based on a small number of communities and did not include communities in remote areas. Results Compliance with the point-of-sale legislation in Scotland was high. This led to a large reduction in the visibility of tobacco products in retail outlets. However, when the results were stratified by socioeconomic status, declines in retailer density, weighted by total product visibility, were restricted to the least disadvantaged tertile of participants. Nevertheless, the implementation of the legislation was associated with a reduction in risk of both smoking susceptibility and smoking initiation in young people, as well as a reduction in the perceived accessibility of tobacco and in pro-smoking attitudes after both the partial and the comprehensive bans were introduced. Conclusions The Scottish point-of-sale legislation has been successful in reducing the overall visibility of tobacco products and is associated with improvements in attitudinal and behavioural outcomes in young people. However, cues that tobacco is for sale are still highly visible, particularly in retail outlets in areas of deprivation. In addition, the increase in retailer density that was observed after 2015 increased inequalities in product visibility. There was also evidence that the emergence of e-cigarettes may have disrupted the full impact of the legislation. Future work Our research indicates that further research is needed to examine the longitudinal relationships between tobacco outlet availability and product visibility inequalities; and the impact of e-cigarettes and standardised packaging on smoking initiation and prevalence. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 1. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

et al. 2020

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“…Nous avons effectué des analyses pour dresser un portrait de la situation au Québec Des facteurs tant personnels qu'environne mentaux ont été associés à l'usage des produits de vapotage chez les jeunes 7 et, à l'instar des produits du tabac, certaines études suggèrent que l'accessibilité géo graphique aux lieux de vente de ces produits serait l'un de ces facteurs. En effet, l'accès et la visibilité des produits du tabac, par l'entremise des points de vente, ont été associés à l'usage de ces produits chez les jeunes 8,9 . Il pourrait en être de même pour les produits de vapotage, des études américaines récentes allant dans ce sens 1012 .…”

Section: Résuméunclassified

“…En ne considérant que l'acces sibilité autour des établissements scolaires, c'est une portion seulement de l'accessi bilité géographique des jeunes aux points de vente de ces produits qui est prise en compte, et ce, même si l'école demeure le lieu public le plus fréquenté et sur la plus longue période par les jeunes. Il serait donc pertinent de poursuivre en ce sens, des études ayant montré que l'accessibilité des jeunes aux lieux de vente de tabac autour de leur résidence est associée à une con sommation de ces produits 32 . Notre analyse ne visait pas à examiner l'usage des produits de vapotage par les jeunes Québécois en fonction de l'accessibilité géographique aux boutiques spécialisées dans la vente de ces produits autour des établissements scolaires.…”

Section: Promotion De La Santé Et Prévention Des Maladies Chroniques unclassified

Analyse de l’accessibilité géographique aux commerces spécialisés en produits de vapotage autour des établissements d’enseignement secondaire et collégial du Québec

Robitaille

Bergeron

Houde

2019

Promotion De La Santé Et Prévention Des Maladies Chroniques Au Canada

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Introduction Au Québec, une proportion importante de jeunes du secondaire et de jeunes adultes a déjà expérimenté la cigarette électronique. Des facteurs tant personnels qu’environnementaux ont été associés à l’usage des produits de vapotage chez les jeunes. L’accessibilité géographique aux lieux de vente de ces produits serait l’un de ces facteurs. Notre étude a été entreprise afin de dresser un portrait de la distribution spatiale des commerces spécialisés dans la vente de produits de vapotage autour des écoles secondaires et des collèges et cégeps au Québec. Méthodologie Nous avons calculé l’accessibilité aux commerces pour rendre compte de l’exposition géographique. Nous avons effectué des analyses pour dresser un portrait de la situation au Québec et pour repérer les associations entre des caractéristiques des lieux d’enseignement et l’accessibilité géographique aux commerces spécialisés. Résultats Nous avons identifié 299 points de vente spécialisés en produits de vapotage. Les établissements d’enseignement collégial sont plus proches d’un point de vente spécialisé en produits de vapotage (distance médiane : 1,2 km) que les établissements d’enseignement secondaire (distance médiane : 2,3 km). Les collèges privés de grande taille et situés en milieu urbain sont plus proches d’un commerce spécialisé. Les écoles secondaires privées de moyenne ou de grande taille situées en milieu urbain et en milieu plus favorisé sont également plus proches d’un commerce spécialisé. Conclusion Cette étude constitue une étape dans le développement des connaissances en matière de localisation des commerces de produits de vapotage et d’accessibilité géographique des jeunes à ces commerces. Il sera important d’examiner l’accessibilité géographique des jeunes aux commerces non spécialisés qui vendent aussi des cigarettes électroniques, puis les relations potentielles entre accessibilité géographique et utilisation des produits de vapotage par les jeunes.

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“…It would therefore be appropriate to expand on this research given that studies have shown that young people's accessibility to tobacco sales outlets in the vicinity of their homes is associated with the consumption of these products. 32 Our analysis was not intended to examine the use of vaping products by young Quebecers based on the geographical accessibility of specialized vape shops that are near educational institutions.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the geographical accessibility of vape shops in the vicinity of Quebec’s secondary and college educational institutions

Robitaille

Bergeron

Houde

2019

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

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Introduction A significant proportion of secondary school students and young adults in Quebec have experimented with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Both personal and environmental factors have been associated with the use of vaping products by youth. Geographical accessibility to the points of sale of these products may be one of these factors. The purpose of this study is to develop a profile of the spatial distribution of stores specializing in the sale of vaping products (vape shops) in the vicinity of secondary schools, colleges and CEGEPs in the province of Quebec. Methods We calculated the accessibility of businesses to account for geographical exposure. Analyses were conducted to provide a snapshot of the situation in Quebec and to identify associations between the characteristics of educational institutions and geographical accessibility to vape shops. Results A total of 299 vape shops were identified. Colleges are closer to a vape shop (median distance: 1.2 km) than are secondary schools (median distance: 2.3 km). Large private colleges located in urban areas are closer to specialized vape shops. Medium or large private secondary schools located in urban and more advantaged areas are also closer to a specialized vape shop. Conclusion This study is a step in developing an understanding of the location of vaping product shops and their geographical accessibility to young people. Important to consider is the geographical accessibility of young people to non-specialized shops that also sell e-cigarettes and then any potential connections between geographical accessibility to such non-specialized shops and the use of vaping products by young people.

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Tobacco outlet density and adolescents’ cigarette smoking: a meta-analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

Analyse de l’accessibilité géographique aux commerces spécialisés en produits de vapotage autour des établissements d’enseignement secondaire et collégial du Québec

Analysis of the geographical accessibility of vape shops in the vicinity of Quebec’s secondary and college educational institutions

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