Tobacco-induced changes in oral leukoplakic epithelium

Pindborg, J. J.; Reibel, Jesper; Roed‐Petersen, B.; Mehta, Fali S.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19800501)45:9<2330::aid-cncr2820450916>3.0.co;2-r

Cited by 89 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Currently, Giemsa stains are also widely used in micronuclei studies with nonepithelial cells originating from a number of organs, e.g., in experiments with polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of rodents (44), lymphocytes (45), splenocytes (46), and liver cells (47), and in in vitro studies with stable cell lines (48). Because the formation of keratin bodies and of the nuclear anomalies described above are an adaptive response to cell damage, which is only seen in (normally nonkeratinizing) epithelial cells (49,50), it is likely that the overestimation of micronuclei formation with nonspecific stains is only relevant for experiments with epithelial cells, e.g., from the oral cavity, cervix, bladder, and esophagus. This assumption is supported by the findings of Surrales et al (51), who compared micronuclei frequencies in human lymphocytes stained with DAPI and Giemsa and found even higher frequencies with the former stain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Nersesyan

Kundi

Atefie

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

165

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Micronuclei in exfoliated epithelial cells are widely used as biomarkers of cancer risk in humans. To elucidate the effect of different staining procedures on the outcome of such investigation, we conducted a study in which the micronuclei frequencies in oral mucosa cells of heavy smokers (n = 20) and nonsmokers (n = 10) were evaluated with nonspecific (Giemsa, May-Grü nwald-Giemsa) and DNA-specific (4 ¶,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Feulgen, acridine orange) stains, whereas with Giemsa-based stains, the frequencies of micronuclei in smokers were significantly (4-to 5-fold) higher in the smokers group, no significant increase was observed with any of the DNA-specific stains. Furthermore, the evaluation of cells of the two study groups with Feulgen stain showed that oral mucosa cells from smokers had significantly increased levels of nuclear anomalies other than micronuclei.These anomalies are consequences of cell injury found in epithelial cells and are paralleled by formation of keratin bodies in the cytoplasm that resemble micronuclei. Correlation analyses showed that micronuclei frequencies scored in Giemsa-stained slides correlated significantly with karyorrhexis, karyolysis, condensed chromatin, and binucleates, whereas no such correlations were found with DNA-specific stains. These findings indicate that nuclear anomalies (and possibly keratin bodies) may be misinterpreted as micronuclei with nonspecific DNA stains and lead to false-positive results in studies with cells of epithelial origin. Furthermore, our results show that exposure of oral mucosa cells to genotoxic carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke does not lead to induction of micronuclei in these cells. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1835 -40)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Nersesyan

Kundi

Atefie

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

165

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“…The use of smokeless tobacco has been associated with various abnormalities of the oral mucosa including hyperkeratotic or erythroplakic lesions, periodontal inflammation, cervical erosion of the teeth, and oral cancer [Pindborg et al, 1980;Greer and Poulson, 1983;Jungell and Malmstrom, 1985;Landy and White, 1961;Vogler et al, 1962;Rosenfeld and Callaway, 1963;Brown et al, 1965;Winn et a]., 198 I]. An Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General and the International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that oral use of smokeless tobacco represented a significant health risk [U.S. Dept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of nuclear aberrations by smokeless tobacco in epithelial cells of human oral mucosa

Livingston

Reed

Olson

et al. 1990

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Cytologic and cytogenetic studies were performed to assess the prevalence of somatic cell genetic damage in 48 young adults equally divided to represent users and nonusers of smokeless tobacco. Exposure was ascertained by measuring saliva cotinine using capillary gas chromatography. Squamous epithelial cells sampled from the oral mucosa demonstrated significant cytologic alterations associated with tobacco exposure. The frequency of micronucleated cells was significantly (P less than .01) higher in the labial mucosa of exposed (2.22%) compared to unexposed (0.27%) individuals. The frequency of micronuclei varied widely between exposed subjects but was higher in heavily (2.48%) compared to lightly (1.29%) exposed individuals as measured by saliva cotinine levels. Morphologic classification of epithelial cell nuclei showed that the frequency of cells with normal nuclear structure was significantly (P less than .01) reduce in exposed individuals. Analysis of oral epithelial cells of five additional nonusers of smokeless tobacco but wearers of orthodontic appliances to stimulate abrasion demonstrated no difference from the nonexposed control group. Unlike the case with cigarette smokers, peripheral lymphocyte sister-chromatid exchange frequency was not affected by exposure to smokeless tobacco. The oral cytology data, however, support an interpretation of exposure-dependent nuclear alterations, including micronuclei, in the oral epithelium associated with the use of smokeless tobacco. Altogether, results suggest that use of smokeless tobacco may cause genetic damage to cells in the oral epithelium.

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“…Notwithstanding it is to note that the micronuclei frequency as well as the frequency of karyorrhexis, and broken eggs in our exposed group was statistically higher than the micronuclei frequency in the control group. The presence of broken eggs is an anomaly not well studied, perhaps related to cytogenetic damage, while karyorrhexis is an event accompanying the apoptotic processes which are under genetic control, and its greater frequency in the buccal cells of these workers, may indicate an adverse cellular reaction or a mechanism provided to eliminate cells with genetic damage (Tolbert et al 1992;Pindborg et al 1980;Wyllie 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to organic solvents and cytogenetic damage in exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa from shoe workers

González-Yebra

Kornhauser

Barbosa‐Sabanero

et al. 2008

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Tobacco-induced changes in oral leukoplakic epithelium

Cited by 89 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Induction of nuclear aberrations by smokeless tobacco in epithelial cells of human oral mucosa

Exposure to organic solvents and cytogenetic damage in exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa from shoe workers

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