Tobacco‐Control Policies in Tobacco‐Growing States: Where Tobacco Was King

Fallin, Amanda; Glantz, Stanton A.

doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12124

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There is a long history of deceptive marketing tactics used by the tobacco industry regarding the 'safety' of cigarettes (52). Thus, it is interesting to speculate whether the same will hold true for the nascent E-Cig industry.…”

Section: Effects Of E-cig Aerosols and E-liquids On Cultured Cells Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease?

Rowell

Tarran

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

103

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Chronic tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the lung, tobacco smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, and also causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which encompasses both emphysema and chronic bronchitis. E-cigarettes (E-Cigs), or electronic nicotine delivery systems, were developed over a decade ago and are designed to deliver nicotine without combusting tobacco. Although tobacco smoking has declined since the 1950s, E-Cig usage has increased, attracting both former tobacco smokers and never smokers. E-Cig liquids (e-liquids) contain nicotine in a glycerol/propylene glycol vehicle with flavorings, which are vaporized and inhaled. To date, neither E-Cig devices, nor e-liquids, are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA has proposed a deeming rule, which aims to initiate legislation to regulate E-Cigs, but the timeline to take effect is uncertain. Proponents of E-Cigs say that they are safe and should not be regulated. Opposition is varied, with some opponents proposing that E-Cig usage will introduce a new generation to nicotine addiction, reversing the decline seen with tobacco smoking, or that E-Cigs generally may not be safe and will trigger diseases like tobacco. In this review, we shall discuss what is known about the effects of E-Cigs on the mammalian lung and isolated lung cells in vitro. We hope that collating this data will help illustrate gaps in the knowledge of this burgeoning field, directing researchers toward answering whether or not E-Cigs are capable of causing disease.

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Section: Effects Of E-cig Aerosols and E-liquids On Cultured Cells Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COPD often occurs with other comorbidities, and presentation with COPD is a major risk factor for the development of lung cancer (73,106). The fact that tobacco exposure is a key factor in the development of both of these diseases was first denied by the tobacco industry and later accepted, following the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement in 1998 (52,79).…”

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confidence: 99%

Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease?

Rowell

Tarran

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

103

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“…In the 1990s, concern arose around avoiding FDA regulation25 28 29 and the potential impact of a nicotine aerosol device on PM's relationship with tobacco farmers28 who had historically allied with tobacco companies to oppose tobacco control policies 67. The development of what would become e-cigarette technology was also motivated by an attempt to evade smoke-free laws,68 69 an important reason that smokers use e-cigarettes 70–73…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Philip Morris research on precursors to the modern e-cigarette since 1990

2016

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Background Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing rapidly. Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik is frequently cited as inventing the modern e-cigarette in 2003. However, tobacco companies have developed electronic nicotine delivery systems since at least 1963. Methods We searched the University of California San Francisco Truth (formerly Legacy) Tobacco Industry Documents beginning with the terms ‘electric cigarette’ and ‘electronic cigarettes’, ‘e-cigarette’, ‘smokeless cigarettes’, ‘nicotine aerosol’, ‘tobacco aerosol’, and ‘vaping’ and then expanded the search using snowball sampling. We focused our analysis on Philip Morris (PM) documents discussing technology that aerosolised a nicotine solution because these devices resembled modern e-cigarettes. Over 1000 documents were reviewed; 40 were included in the final analysis. Results PM started developing a nicotine aerosol device in 1990 to address the health concerns and decreased social acceptability of smoking that were leading smokers to switch to nicotine replacement therapy. PM had developed a capillary aerosol generator that embodied basic e-cigarette technology in 1994, but in the mid-to-late 1990s focused on applying its aerosol technology to pharmaceutical applications because of uncertainty of how such products might affect potential Food and Drug Administration regulation of tobacco products. In 2001, PM resumed its work on a nicotine aerosol device, and in 2013, NuMark (a division of Altria, PM's parent company) released the MarkTen, a nicotine aerosol device. Conclusions Rather than a disruptive technology, PM developed e-cigarette technology to complement, not compete with, conventional cigarettes and evade tobacco control regulations.

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“…Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth are at particularly high risk for substance use, including tobacco products, alcohol, and illicit drugs . A growing body of evidence indicates LGB students face higher rates of victimization and bullying, and that this increases the risk for substance use among students, including those who identify as LGB . In addition, LGB youth report less connection to family, peers, school and the community, and this association was mediated by the impact of bullying .…”

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confidence: 99%

Substance Use and School Characteristics in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual High School Students

Fallin‐Bennett

Goodin

2019

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND Tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) high school students as well as related environment and school‐level risk and protective factors were examined. METHODS Data was acquired from the 2015 CDC's Youth Behavior Risk Survey for Kentucky (N = 2577). Prevalence of substance use was calculated for all high school respondents by reported sexual orientation. Multivariate analyses estimated the relationship between school and environmental‐level factors (eg, having an adult to talk to) and tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use via logistic regressions. Sexual orientation, gender, age, and race/ethnicity were covariates. RESULTS LGB students used tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs more frequently than their heterosexual counterparts. More LGB teens report facing school risk factors (eg, 37% LGB vs 20% heterosexual bullied at school, p ≤ .001; 17% LGB vs 5% heterosexual ever threatened or injured at school, p < .001; 13% LGB vs 7% heterosexual involved in a school fight, p = .001). Adjusting for school related risk factors, having an adult to talk to was associated with a reduced likelihood of daily smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.73), past 30‐day alcohol use (aOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.50–0.95), and ever marijuana use (aOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.50–1.00). CONCLUSION Innovative strategies are needed to create safe, supportive school environments. These strategies are particularly needed in predominately rural states like Kentucky.

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Tobacco‐Control Policies in Tobacco‐Growing States: Where Tobacco Was King

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease?

Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease?

Philip Morris research on precursors to the modern e-cigarette since 1990

Substance Use and School Characteristics in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual High School Students

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