Tobacco, alcohol, and socioeconomic status and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia

Gammon, Marilie D.; Ahsan, Habibul; Schoenberg, Janet B.; West, A. Brian; Rotterdam, Heidi; Niwa, Shelley; Blot, William J.; Risch, Harvey A.; Dubrow, Robert; Mayne, Susan T.; Vaughan, Thomas L.; Stanford, Janet L.; Farrow, Diana C.; Chow, Wong‐Ho; Fraumeni, Joseph F.

doi:10.1093/jnci/89.17.1277

Cited by 536 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the last 5 years, seven case -control studies have also been reported: five of them (Gammon et al, 1997;Zaridze et al, 2002) observed a higher risk for cardia cancers, while two did not , mixed site (C16.8) and site not otherwise specified (C16.9) gastric cancer. b 95% confidence intervals from multivariate Cox proportional models after adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol intake and preference for saltiness in food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive review indicates that smoking is a moderate risk factor for gastric cancer (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2004), but little support exists for an association with alcohol (Gammon et al, 1997;Sjödahl et al, 2006). The possibility of a differential effect of smoking and alcohol consumption on different gastric subsites, however, remains to be clarified.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Smoking, alcohol and gastric cancer risk in Korean men: the National Health Insurance Corporation Study

et al. 2007

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We investigated the risk of gastric cancer by subsite in relation to cigarette smoking and alcohol in a large population-based cohort of 669 570 Korean men in an insurance plan followed for an average 6.5 years, yielding 3452 new cases of gastric cancer, of which 127 were cardia and upper-third gastric cancer, 2409 were distal gastric cancer and 1007 were unclassified. A moderate association was found between smoking, cardia and upper-third (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4 -3.5) and distal cancers (aRR ¼ 1.4; 95% CI ¼ 1.3 -1.6). We also found a positive association between alcohol consumption and distal (aRR ¼ 1.3; 95% CI ¼ 1.2 -1.5) and total (aRR ¼ 1.2; 95% CI ¼ 1.1 -1.4) gastric cancer. Combined exposure to high levels of tobacco and alcohol increased the risk estimates further; cardia and upper-third gastric cancers were more strongly related to smoking status than distal gastric cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking, alcohol and gastric cancer risk in Korean men: the National Health Insurance Corporation Study

et al. 2007

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“…In 1993-95, histologically confirmed cases ages 30-79 years were identified by rapid ascertainment in three U.S. locations following Institutional Review Board approvals at the collaborating institutions [2], and written informed consent from each subject. Controls were selected from the same catchment areas by random-digit dial if under age 65 years or from the Medicare sampling frame if 65 or older.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach have diverse incidence patterns and risk factors [1], but cigarette smoking has been associated with both in some studies [2][3][4]. Polymorphisms in the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) 1 genes, which are involved in Phase II detoxification of certain tobacco carcinogens, have been suggested as susceptibility factors but have not been consistently linked to elevated risks [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GST, NAT1, CYP1A1 polymorphisms and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas

Wideroff

Vaughan

Farin

et al. 2007

Cancer Detection and Prevention

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Condensed Abstract-In a population-based case-control study in the U.S., we examined risks of histologically confirmed esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas in relation to polymorphisms of the following genes: GSTP; GSTM1; GSTT1; NAT1; and CYP1A1. For the GSTP1 Val/Val genotype (vs. Ile/Ile), the respective ORs of esophageal, cardia, and other gastric adenocarcinomas were 1.73 (0.75-4.02), 1.46 (0.57-3.73), and 1.22 (0.48-3.09), while no consistent patterns of elevated risk were associated with the null GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes, one or two copies of NAT1*10 or *11 alleles, or CYP1A1 Val/Val or Ile/Val genotypes (vs. Ile/Ile). Background-Polymorphisms in glutathione-S-transferase (GST), N-acetyltransferase (NAT) 1, and CYP1A1 genes have been suggested as susceptibility factors for esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, but have not been consistently linked to elevated risks. In a population-based case-control study, we examined risks in relation to polymorphisms of the following genes: GSTP; GSTM1; GSTT1; NAT1; and CYP1A1.

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“…The 3 : 1 male predominance in oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma is explicable by sex differences in the prevalence of the main risk factors, that is, use of tobacco and alcohol (Muir and McKinney, 1992;Gammon et al, 1997;Lagergren et al, 2000). However, no corresponding sex difference in the established risk factors for oesophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma can explain their male predominance (EUROGAST, 1993;Moller et al, 1994;Lagergren et al, 1999a, b;Kelley and Duggan, 2003;Crew and Neugut, 2004).…”

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Hormone replacement therapy and risks of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas

et al. 2005

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Oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma share an unexplained male predominance, which would be explained by the hypothesis that oestrogens are protective in this respect. We carried out a nested case -control study of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among 299 women with oesophageal cancer, 313 with gastric cancer, and 3191 randomly selected control women, frequency matched by age and calendar year in the General Practitioners Research Database in the United Kingdom. Data were adjusted for age, calendar year, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hysterectomy, and upper gastrointestinal disorders. Among 1 619 563 person-years of follow-up, more than 50% reduced risk of gastric adenocarcinoma was found among users of HRT compared to nonusers (odds ratio (OR), 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 -0.79). This inverse association appeared to be stronger for gastric noncardia (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14 -0.78) and weaker for gastric cardia tumours (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.23 -2.01). There was no association between HRT and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.41 -3.32).

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Tobacco, alcohol, and socioeconomic status and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia

Cited by 536 publications

References 22 publications

Smoking, alcohol and gastric cancer risk in Korean men: the National Health Insurance Corporation Study

Smoking, alcohol and gastric cancer risk in Korean men: the National Health Insurance Corporation Study

GST, NAT1, CYP1A1 polymorphisms and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas

Hormone replacement therapy and risks of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas

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