Smoking, alcohol and gastric cancer risk in Korean men: the National Health Insurance Corporation Study

Abstract

We investigated the risk of gastric cancer by subsite in relation to cigarette smoking and alcohol in a large population-based cohort of 669 570 Korean men in an insurance plan followed for an average 6.5 years, yielding 3452 new cases of gastric cancer, of which 127 were cardia and upper-third gastric cancer, 2409 were distal gastric cancer and 1007 were unclassified. A moderate association was found between smoking, cardia and upper-third (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4 -3.5) and distal cancers (aRR ¼ 1.4; 95% CI ¼ 1.3 -1.6). We also found a positive association between alcohol consumption and distal (aRR ¼ 1.3; 95% CI ¼ 1.2 -1.5) and total (aRR ¼ 1.2; 95% CI ¼ 1.1 -1.4) gastric cancer. Combined exposure to high levels of tobacco and alcohol increased the risk estimates further; cardia and upper-third gastric cancers were more strongly related to smoking status than distal gastric cancer.

Evaluation of Dietary and Life-Style Habits of Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Turkey

“…Studies performed in China showed that eating fast increases the gastric cancer risk (Ji et al, 1998;Sung et al, 2007). Ji et al (1998), found that eating fast increased the risk of cancer of the gastric cardia by 2.7 fold (p < 0.001) and the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer by 1.9 fold (p = 0.043).…”

“…Dietary or eating habits thought to be closely associated with the development of gastric cancer and hence numerous studies in this area have already been conducted (Ji et al, 1998;Cai et al, 2003;Sung et al, 2007). Studies performed in China showed that eating fast increases the gastric cancer risk (Ji et al, 1998;Sung et al, 2007).…”

Low Expression of the bcl2 Gene in Gastric Adenocarcinomas in Mazandaran Province of Iran

“…H. pylori infection is one of the main risk factors in 65-80% of gastric cancers. (Sung et al, 2007). Some kind of foods, such as smoked foods, salted fish and meat and pickled vegetables are associated with higher risk of gastric cancer.…”

Body Mass Index and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis of a Population with More Than Ten Million from 24 Prospective Studies

“…While GCCs may be related to gastroesophageal reflux (GER), white race, male gender, and tobacco smoking (5), the majority of GNCCs are attributable to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection (6), tobacco smoking (7), consumption of salt and salt-preserved foods (8,9), and alcohol abuse (10).…”