Tobacco 21 Policy Support by U.S. Individuals Aged 13–25 Years: Evidence From a Rolling Cross-sectional Study (2014–2017)

Volinsky, Allyson; Kranzler, Elissa C.; Gibson, Laura; Hornik, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.03.008

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Impacting tobacco retail more broadly, federal legislation raised the minimum legal sales age for e-cigarette sales from 18 to 21 (i.e., Tobacco 21 [T21]) in December 2019 [ 15 ]. Despite evidence of the public health benefits from T21 (e.g., youth prevention) [ 16 , 17 ], and the potential to increase awareness and support for tobacco control efforts among retailers and consumers [ 18 ], there are high noncompliance rates in some states [ 19 , 20 ], noncompliance may be underestimated [ 19 ], and gaps in FDA enforcement protocols have been identified [ 20 , 21 ]. In addition, there is growing concern about noncompliance rates for e-cigarette sales, especially among tobacco specialty shops [ 22 , 23 ], and online retailers [ 22 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Recent Tobacco Regulations and COVID-19 Restrictions and Implications for Future E-Cigarette Retail: Perspectives from Vape and Vape-and-Smoke Shop Merchants

Duan

Romm

Henriksen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Tobacco regulations and COVID-19 state orders have substantially impacted vape retail. This study assessed vape retailers’ perspectives regarding regulations and future retail activities. Methods: In March–June 2021, 60 owners or managers of vape or vape-and-smoke shops (n = 34 vs. n = 26) in six US metropolitan areas completed an online survey assessing: (1) current and future promotional strategies and product offerings; and (2) experiences with federal minimum legal sales age (T21) policies, the federal flavored e-cigarette ban, and COVID-19-related orders. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively; qualitative responses to open-ended questions were thematically analyzed. Results: Most participants had websites (65.0%), used social media for promotion (71.7%), offered curbside pickup (51.7%), and sold CBD (e.g., 73.3% vape products, 80.0% other); many also sold other tobacco products. Knowledge varied regarding state/local policies in effect before federal policies. Participants perceived tobacco regulations and COVID-19 orders as somewhat easy to understand/implement and perceived noncompliance consequences as somewhat severe. Qualitative themes indicated concerns regarding regulations’ negative impacts (e.g., sales/customer loss, customers switching to combustibles), insufficient evidence base, challenges explaining regulations to customers, and concerns about future regulatory actions. Conclusions: Surveillance of tobacco retail, consumer behavior, and regulatory compliance is warranted as policies regarding nicotine and cannabis continue evolving.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Recent Tobacco Regulations and COVID-19 Restrictions and Implications for Future E-Cigarette Retail: Perspectives from Vape and Vape-and-Smoke Shop Merchants

Duan

Romm

Henriksen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…7 More recently, 235 cities and 6 states have increased the legal age of tobacco sale to 21 through laws and ordinances (Tobacco21.org). [8][9][10] Beyond retail stores, there is concern that sales to minors via the Internet may be insufficiently restricted due to lack of compliance with laws and enforcement difficulties. 11 This study draws on US nationally representative data to examine self-reported sources of youth access to 12 tobacco products (cigarettes, traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cigars, e-cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery systems), hookah, pipe tobacco, smokeless tobacco, snus pouches, dissolvable tobacco, and bidis and/or kreteks), including detailed access patterns for 15-to 17-year-old current users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth Access to Tobacco Products in the United States: Findings From Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Tanski

Emond

Stanton

et al. 2018

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Objectives Tobacco products in the US market are growing in diversity. Little is known about how youth access tobacco products given this current landscape. Methods Data were drawn from 15- to 17-year-olds from the Wave 1 youth sample of the US nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Past 30-day tobacco users were asked about usual sources of access to 12 different tobacco products, and if they had been refused sale because of their age. Results Among 15- to 17-year-olds, social sources (“someone offered” or “asked someone”) were the predominant usual source of access for each tobacco product. “Bought by self” was the usual source of access for users of smokeless (excluding snus, 23.2%), cigarillos (21.0%), cigarettes (13.8%), hookah (12.0%), and electronic cigarettes (10.5%). Convenience stores and/or gas stations were the most often selected retail source for all products except hookah. Among youth who attempted purchase, 24.3% were refused sale of cigarettes, 23.9% cigarillos, and 13.8% smokeless tobacco. Conclusions Most 15- to 17-year-old tobacco users obtain tobacco products through social sources; however, among those who purchased tobacco, the majority report not being refused sale because of age. At the time of survey, cigarette and cigar sales to under 18 years were prohibited in all 50 states, and electronic cigarettes sales in 47 states and two territories. 2014 Annual Synar Reports signaled increasing trends in retail violations of state and/or district laws prohibiting tobacco product sales to under 18 years. Monitoring illicit youth sales, conducting compliance check inspections, and penalizing violations remain important to reduce youth tobacco access at retail venues. Implications Access to the spectrum of tobacco products by youth in the United States remains predominantly through social sources. However, of the minority of youth tobacco users in 2014 who purchased tobacco themselves, a few reported being refused sale: Convenience stores and/or gas stations were the most common retail source for tobacco products. The strategies of monitoring illicit youth sales, conducting compliance checks, and penalizing violations remain important to reduce youth tobacco access at retail venues. Limiting sources of youth tobacco access remains an important focus to reduce the burden of tobacco on the public health.

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“…We sought to systematically explore trends about Tobacco 21 and age-related behaviors on Twitter by exploring the relationship between sentiment toward the policy and discussions about the type of tobacco mentioned and other age-related behaviors. Given that past research has highlighted public support for Tobacco 21 policies [22,[26][27][28][29], our study adds unique findings about public opposition from Twitter users prior to enactment of the federal law. Our findings highlight similar policy opposition identified by others, such as protests against a "nanny state" and suggestions that those who are willing to enlist in the military should be able to use tobacco products [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Understanding public perception of laws dramatically increases the likelihood of avoiding potential pitfalls, facilitating enforcement, and amending laws as necessary [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Prior to enactment, polling studies suggested that there was broad public support for Tobacco 21 policies in the US [ 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. However, other studies about Tobacco 21 laws have highlighted public opposition, such as protests against “the nanny state” [ 30 ], a reference that implies that a government is overprotective of its citizens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy and Behavior: Comparisons between Twitter Discussions about the US Tobacco 21 Law and Other Age-Related Behaviors

Dobbs

Colditz

Shields

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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To combat the e-cigarette epidemic among young audiences, a federal law was passed in the US that raised the minimum legal sales age of tobacco to 21 years (commonly known as Tobacco 21). Little is known about sentiment toward this law. Thus, the purpose of our study was to systematically explore trends about Tobacco 21 discussions and comparisons to other age-restriction behaviors on Twitter. Twitter data (n = 4628) were collected from September to December of 2019 that were related to Tobacco 21. A random subsample of identified tweets was used to develop a codebook. Two trained coders independently coded all data, with strong inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.71 to 0.93) found for all content categories. Associations between sentiment and content categories were calculated using χ2 analyses. Among relevant tweets (n = 955), the most common theme—the disjunction between ages for military enlistment and tobacco use—was found in 17.8% of all tweets. Anti-policy sentiment was strongly associated with the age of military enlistment, alcohol, voting, and adulthood (p < 0.001 for all). Opposition to Tobacco 21 propagates on social media because the US federal law does not exempt military members. However, the e-cigarette epidemic may have fueled some support for this law.

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Tobacco 21 Policy Support by U.S. Individuals Aged 13–25 Years: Evidence From a Rolling Cross-sectional Study (2014–2017)

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

The Impact of Recent Tobacco Regulations and COVID-19 Restrictions and Implications for Future E-Cigarette Retail: Perspectives from Vape and Vape-and-Smoke Shop Merchants

The Impact of Recent Tobacco Regulations and COVID-19 Restrictions and Implications for Future E-Cigarette Retail: Perspectives from Vape and Vape-and-Smoke Shop Merchants

Youth Access to Tobacco Products in the United States: Findings From Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Policy and Behavior: Comparisons between Twitter Discussions about the US Tobacco 21 Law and Other Age-Related Behaviors

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