To what extent the traffic restriction policies applied in Barcelona city can improve its air quality?

Rodríguez-Rey, Daniel; Guevara, Marc; Linares, Ma. Paz; Casanovas, Josep; Armengol, Jan Mateu; Benavides, Jaime; Soret, Albert; Jorba, Oriol; Tena, Carles; García‐Pando, Carlos Pérez

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150743

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For NO x , with a contribution of 38% to total emissions in the EU (supplementary figure 4), road traffic will continue to be the targeted sector for reductions. Large cities are trying to reduce the amount of circulating vehicles, but the measures implemented so far have proved to be insufficient to meet even less-stringent EU standards in certain cities [7]. Radical measures such as zero-emissions zones (e.g.…”

Section: Effect Of Emission Reductions On Non-compliance: Lessons From Covid-19 Lockdownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with 2021 WHO air quality guidelines across Europe will require radical measures

Bowdalo

Pétetin

Jorba

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Section: Effect Of Emission Reductions On Non-compliance: Lessons From Covid-19 Lockdownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with 2021 WHO air quality guidelines across Europe will require radical measures

Bowdalo

Pétetin

Jorba

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Most studies investigated the policy’s intended impacts on environmental pathways and human health. Studies also assessing unintended impacts, such as green gentrification [ 44 ••] or redistribution of traffic emissions and air pollution levels that may be the consequence of traffic calming policies [ 57 ], may provide a more complete analysis of the policy impacts. Unintended impacts can particularly affect environmental justice communities [ 44 ••] that may be excluded from the initial design process.…”

Section: Main Challenges and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Evaluating Environmental Health Impacts at Different Stages of the Policy Process in Cities

Benavides

Rowland

Shearston

et al. 2022

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Purpose of Review Evaluating the environmental health impacts of urban policies is critical for developing and implementing policies that lead to more healthy and equitable cities. This article aims to (1) identify research questions commonly used when evaluating the health impacts of urban policies at different stages of the policy process, (2) describe commonly used methods, and (3) discuss challenges, opportunities, and future directions. Recent Findings In the diagnosis and design stages of the policy process, research questions aim to characterize environmental problems affecting human health and to estimate the potential impacts of new policies. Simulation methods using existing exposure–response information to estimate health impacts predominate at these stages of the policy process. In subsequent stages, e.g., during implementation, research questions aim to understand the actual policy impacts. Simulation methods or observational methods, which rely on experimental data gathered in the study area to assess the effectiveness of the policy, can be applied at these stages. Increasingly, novel techniques fuse both simulation and observational methods to enhance the robustness of impact evaluations assessing implemented policies. Summary The policy process consists of interdependent stages, from inception to end, but most reviewed studies focus on single stages, neglecting the continuity of the policy life cycle. Studies assessing the health impacts of policies using a multi-stage approach are lacking. Most studies investigate intended impacts of policies; focusing also on unintended impacts may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of policies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40572-022-00349-5.

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“…CALIOPE-Urban has been evaluated and successfully used in the framework of several impact studies, including the works of Benavides et al (2021) and Rodriguez-Rey et al (2022).…”

Section: Street-scale Air Quality Model: Caliope-urbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data fusion uncertainty-enabled methods to map street-scale hourly NO₂ in Barcelona city: a case study with CALIOPE-Urban v1.0

Criado

Armengol

Pétetin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Comprehensive monitoring of NO2 exceedances is imperative for protecting human health, especially in trafficked urban areas. However, accurate spatial characterization of exceedances is challenging due to the typically low density of air quality monitoring stations and the inherent uncertainties of urban air quality models. We study how observational data from different sources and time scales can be combined with a dispersion air quality model to obtain bias-corrected NO2 hourly maps at the street scale. We present a kriging-based data-fusion workflow that merges a dispersion model output with continuous hourly observations, and uses a machine-learning-based Land Use Regression (LUR) model constrained with past short intensive passive dosimeter campaigns observations. While the hourly observations allow to bias-adjust the temporal variability of the dispersion model, the microscale-LUR model adds information on the NO2 spatial patterns. Our method includes uncertainty calculation based on the estimated error variance of the Universal Kriging technique, which is subsequently used to produce urban maps of probability of exceeding the 200 µg /m3 hourly and the 40 µg /m3 NO2 annual average limits. We assess the statistical performance of this approach in the city of Barcelona for the year 2019. Our results show that simply merging the monitoring stations with the model output already significantly increases the correlation coefficient (r) by +29 % and decreases the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by -32 %. When adding the time-invariant LUR model in the data-fusion workflow, the improvement is even more remarkable: +46 % and -48 % for the r and RMSE, respectively. Our work highlights the usefulness of high-resolution spatial information in data-fusion methods to estimate exceedances at the street scale better.

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To what extent the traffic restriction policies applied in Barcelona city can improve its air quality?

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Compliance with 2021 WHO air quality guidelines across Europe will require radical measures

Compliance with 2021 WHO air quality guidelines across Europe will require radical measures

Methods for Evaluating Environmental Health Impacts at Different Stages of the Policy Process in Cities

Data fusion uncertainty-enabled methods to map street-scale hourly NO₂ in Barcelona city: a case study with CALIOPE-Urban v1.0

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To what extent the traffic restriction policies applied in Barcelona city can improve its air quality?

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Compliance with 2021 WHO air quality guidelines across Europe will require radical measures

Compliance with 2021 WHO air quality guidelines across Europe will require radical measures

Methods for Evaluating Environmental Health Impacts at Different Stages of the Policy Process in Cities

Data fusion uncertainty-enabled methods to map street-scale hourly NO2 in Barcelona city: a case study with CALIOPE-Urban v1.0

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Product

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Data fusion uncertainty-enabled methods to map street-scale hourly NO₂ in Barcelona city: a case study with CALIOPE-Urban v1.0