To Repress or Not to Repress—Regime Survival Strategies in the Arab Spring

Josua, Maria; Edel, Mirjam

doi:10.1080/09546553.2013.806911

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Political repression is usually defined in a broad way to include threats and intimidation to specific actors, the use of coercive state power, attacks on personal safety as well as 'torture, "disappearance," imprisonment, extrajudicial execution, and mass killing' (Davenport 2007: 2). Whereas Regan and Henderson (2002: 120) define repression as 'the systematic violation of the civil liberties and human rights of groups and/or individuals', Josua and Edel (2015: 292) consider it 'the sum of all strategies by ruling elites to contain challenges to their rule by constraining (…) or incapacitating' dissenters. The range of repressive means include 'imprisonment, forced disappearances, house arrest, killing, (…) exiling' as well as 'torture, house-to-house search, restricting assembly and association rights, restricting the freedom of expression, physical harassment, non-physical intimidation, surveillance, libel, and the restriction of employment and career opportunities' (ibid.).…”

Section: Conceptual Vocabulary: the Repression And Oppression Of Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Political repression is usually defined in a broad way to include threats to and intimidation of specific actors, the use of coercive state power, attacks on personal safety as well as ‘torture, “disappearance”, imprisonment, extrajudicial execution, and mass killing’ (Davenport, 2007: 2). Whereas Regan and Henderson (2002: 120) define repression as ‘the systematic violation of the civil liberties and human rights of groups and/or individuals’, Josua and Edel (2015: 292) consider it ‘the sum of all strategies by ruling elites to contain challenges to their rule by constraining [. .…”

Section: Conceptual Vocabulary: the Repression And Oppression Of Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From repression to oppression: news journalism in Turkey 2013–2018

Pukallus¹,

Bradley

Clarke

et al. 2020

Media, Culture & Society

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The political context for practicing free and independent journalism has always been challenging in Turkey and ever more so after the failed coup d’état of 2016. This article examines and analyzes the changes brought about by this failed coup d’état in terms of their civil, legal, and political significance for news journalism and news journalists. More specifically and based on two sets of semi-structured interviews with Turkish editors and senior journalists supported by an analysis of gray literature, we argue that between 2013 and 2018 Turkey has moved from a pre-coup repression of news journalism (2013–2016) to a post-coup oppression of news journalism (2016–2018). The former was characterized by unsystematic attacks on news journalism conducted with impunity leading to a climate of fear that made self-censorship inescapable. In contrast, the latter relied on constitutional changes and the use of law to systematically compromise the civil institution of news journalism and to cast news journalists as political enemies of the Turkish state resulting in what can be likened to a loss of their citizenship. We further argue that the development from the repression to oppression of news journalism has been ‘authorized’ and ‘legalized’ by the constitutional changes that came into force on 9 July 2018.

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Section: Conceptual Vocabulary: the Repression And Oppression Of Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Vocabulary: the Repression And Oppression Of Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From repression to oppression: news journalism in Turkey 2013–2018

Pukallus¹,

Bradley

Clarke

et al. 2020

Media, Culture & Society

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“…In the regional context, why did violent repression in some instances discourage and ultimately destroy opposition, as in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, whereas in other instances it contributed to the radicalization of unarmed movements into revolutionary insurgencies, as in Libya and Syria? Partly due to prevailing caution against generalization, Middle East scholars have spent more time analysing why regimes chose to use repression or restraint rather than comparing its effects upon social forces and resistance strategies (Josua and Edel 2015). Answering this and other challenges requires resolving deeper debates within social movement theory first.…”

Section: The Spread Of Contention: Escalation and Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arab Spring: One Region, Several Puzzles, and Many Explanations

Yom¹

2015

Gov. & oppos.

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“…At the biggest demonstration of Jordan's uprising, the youth movements' sit-in at the Interior Ministry Circle in central Amman on 24 March, a similar pattern could be observed: The Darak used water cannons, sticks, and batons to help royalist thugs violently disperse the opposition activists. Despite the repression on this day, the overall level of repression continued to be rather low, especially compared to the rest of the region (Josua and Edel 2015). The use of thugs alongside the official regime security agencies, however, was a new phenomenon in the politics of repression in Jordan.…”

Section: Algeria: Learning To Better Exploit Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authoritarian Regime Learning: Comparative Insights from the Arab Uprisings

Bank

Edel²

2015

SSRN Journal

Self Cite

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu www.giga-hamburg.de/workingpapers GIGA Working Papers serve to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior to publicaton to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Papers series does not constitute publication and should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. actions to the challenge of "late riser" oppositional protests. We first show that the four regimes initiated very diverse measures in the domains of repression, material co-optation, and legal reforms. With regard to the sources of learning, we find that proximity is a determining factor, in terms of both geography and political similarity. Using the case of Terms of use: Documents in GIGA Research Programme: Legitimacy and Efficiency of Political SystemsBahrain, we then demonstrate that structural factors such as internal power structures, regional and international pressures, or state capacity can decisively constrain the implementation of learning-induced policy change. Overall, the paper aims to contribute to the emerging research on the international dimension of authoritarian regimes in the Middle East and beyond.

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To Repress or Not to Repress—Regime Survival Strategies in the Arab Spring

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

From repression to oppression: news journalism in Turkey 2013–2018

From repression to oppression: news journalism in Turkey 2013–2018

The Arab Spring: One Region, Several Puzzles, and Many Explanations

Authoritarian Regime Learning: Comparative Insights from the Arab Uprisings

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