To reduce the maximum stress and the stress shielding effect around a dental implant–bone interface using radial functionally graded biomaterials

Abstract

In a dental implant system, the value of stress and its distribution plays a pivotal role on the strength, durability and life of the implant-bone system. A typical implant consists of a Titanium core and a thin layer of biocompatible material such as the hydroxyapatite. This coating has a wide range of clinical applications in orthopedics and dentistry due to its biocompatibility and bioactivity characteristics. Low bonding strength and sudden variation of mechanical properties between the coating and the metallic layers are the main disadvantages of such common implants. To overcome these problems, a radial distributed functionally graded biomaterial (FGBM) was proposed in this paper and the effect of material property on the stress distribution around the dental implant-bone interface was studied. A three-dimensional finite element simulation was used to illustrate how the use of radial FGBM dental implant can reduce the maximum von Mises stress and, also the stress shielding effect in both the cortical and cancellous bones. The results, of course, give anybody an idea about optimized behaviors that can be achieved using such materials. The finite element solver was validated by familiar methods and the results were compared to previous works in the literature.

In Vitro Studies on Nanoporous, Nanotubular and Nanosponge-Like Titania Coatings, with the Use of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

“…For materials intended for long-term implants, such as titanium alloys, materials should be designed with good mechanical properties but as close as possible to those of surrounding tissues, mainly bones. Numerous studies have confirmed that too much difference between mechanical properties (mainly Young's modulus) of implant and bone can lead "shielding effect" and consequently bone lose and even loosening of such an implant [80][81][82]. The Young's modulus of cortical human bone is 10-30 GPa [79].…”

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

“…In order to determine the biomechanical compatibility of biomaterials used in the construction of implants, especially long-term ones, it is important to determine Young's Modulus [26,42,82,83]. The results of earlier works revealed the influence of this factor on the surrounding living tissue, such as bone [84][85][86][87]. The significant difference in Young's Modulus between implants and human bone (especially cortical human bone~20 GPa) can induce bone loosening and reduced bone quality in the implant surrounding and in consequence loosening of the implant in the bone [88,89].…”

Orthopaedic osseointegration: Implantology and future directions

“…This results in reduced bone density (osteopenia), and cortical bone thickness of the implant‐associated bone . Altering implant design, stiffness, biomaterial coating, and manufacturing can address stress shielding to some extent.…”