To: -) or to ☺, that is the question: a study of students’ initial impressions of instructors’ paralinguistic cues

Vareberg, Kyle R.; Westerman, David

doi:10.1007/s10639-020-10181-9

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, emoji use is not always perceived as appropriate or suitable across contexts [24,25]. For example, Vareberg and Westerman [26] have shown instructors may be evaluated as more caring, but as less competent, by students when they use emoji. Similarly, Glikson and colleagues [27] showed that the sender of a message that included (vs. did not include) an emoji in a formal (vs. informal) setting was perceived as less competent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

With or without Emoji? Perceptions about Emoji Use in Different Brand-Consumer Communication Contexts

Cavalheiro

Prada

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies

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Brands are increasingly using emoji in their computer-mediated communication (CMC). However, research on how consumers perceive such use, and the determinants of those perceptions, is scarce and results may be inconsistent. In a cross-sectional study ( N = 540 ) we examined how appropriate participants considered to be the use of emoji by brands, across five brand-consumer communication contexts. We additionally examined whether these perceptions were determined by demographic and individual variables (e.g., gender and frequency of emoji use), as well as individual views about emoji use in written CMC. Overall, perceptions toward the use of emoji by brands depended on the context, with participants considering more appropriate for brands to use emoji when publicizing on social media and less appropriate when making callbacks of defective products. Results further showed that such perceptions were more favorable among younger participants and those who used emoji more frequently, but also among those who considered emoji use more useful and formal. These findings contribute to the CMC field by highlighting how perceptions of emoji use by brands are shaped, while also informing how brands can enhance CMC with consumers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

With or without Emoji? Perceptions about Emoji Use in Different Brand-Consumer Communication Contexts

Cavalheiro

Prada

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies

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“…In working with students online, Vareberg and Westerman (2020) found that when instructors use the CMII cue of emoticons, they consistently yield higher perceived immediacy with their students. Kelly and Westerman’s (2016) review of perceived immediacy in distance education asserts that the greater instructor’s perceived immediacy with students, the more students feel that their instructor is a real person and resource to be utilized rather than a digital entity on the other side of the screen.…”

Section: Perceived Immediacymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Computer-mediated immediate behaviors, however, have only been studied for roughly a decade. Computer-mediated instructional immediacy (CMII) behaviors include behaviors such as personalizing electronic written messages by addressing the recipient by name and signing the messages (Kelly et al, 2010), inviting further communication (Kelly et al, 2010), affective language, and cohesive language (Christen et al, 2015), and appropriate use of emoticons and emojis (Vareberg & Westerman, 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Writing Apprehension in the Online Classroom: The Limits of Instructor Behaviors

Gaytan

2021

Business and Professional Communication Quarterly

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In response to COVID-19, educational stakeholders are transferring traditional, face-to-face instruction to the online learning environment. The purpose of this study was to determine if business instructors’ use of immediate behaviors and clarity, which have been found to help business students overcome their writing apprehension in the face-to-face learning environment, can also be used to help business students to overcome their writing apprehension in an online learning environment. Findings indicated that instructor immediate behaviors and clarity are not interventions for writing apprehension in the online learning environment. The instructional strategies business instructors rely on in the face-to-face classroom did not have the same meaning or effect on the online classroom.

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“…Coinciding closely with the demarcation of perceived immediacy and the communicative behaviors that induce changes in perceived immediacy was the expansion of the idea of immediate behaviors beyond FTF cues and into computer-mediated interactions (Walther and Burgoon, 1992). Kelly et al (2010) posited the idea that computer-mediated immediate behaviors exist.…”

Section: Immediacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Articulated dissent and immediacy: a cross-national analysis of the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns

Croucher

Kelly

Chen

et al. 2021

IJCMA

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Purpose In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to explore how working remotely might impact the superior–subordinate relationship. Specifically, this study examines how immediacy explains articulated dissent, considers how an individual’s attitudes toward online communication predicts immediacy and articulated dissent and compares these relationships in England, Australia and the USA. Design/methodology/approach Three nations were examined: Australia, England and the USA (n = 1,776). Surveys included demographic questions and the following measures: organizational dissent scale, perceived immediacy measure, computer-mediated immediate behaviors measure and measure of online communication attitude. Findings The results reveal supervisors’ computer-mediated immediate behaviors and perceived immediacy both positively predict dissent. Some aspects of online communication attitudes positively predict computer-mediated immediate behaviors and perceived immediacy. In addition, attitudes toward online communication positively predict dissent. National culture influences some of these relationships; in each case the effects were substantively larger for the USA when compared to the other nations. Originality/value This study is the first to cross-culturally analyze dissent and immediacy. In addition, this study considers the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic influences the superior–subordinate relationship.

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To: -) or to ☺, that is the question: a study of students’ initial impressions of instructors’ paralinguistic cues

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

With or without Emoji? Perceptions about Emoji Use in Different Brand-Consumer Communication Contexts

With or without Emoji? Perceptions about Emoji Use in Different Brand-Consumer Communication Contexts

Writing Apprehension in the Online Classroom: The Limits of Instructor Behaviors

Articulated dissent and immediacy: a cross-national analysis of the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns

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