To feel or not to feel: The role of affect in human–computer interaction

Detection of Sympathetic Activation through Measurement and Adaptive Processing of the Pupil Diameter for Affective Assessment of Computer Users

“…It should be mentioned that the feature obtained as the segment average of the PMPD signal was only normalized through steps (2) and (3), because the illumination provided by the background of the TOBII screen during the relaxation period, before the C1 segment, is different from that provided during the rest of the protocol. The ROC curve for each of the 10 features was developed using their values from the 6(segments) x 14(subjects) = 84 segments analyzed in our study.…”

“…Research is currently underway to enhance the interaction between humans and computers by providing computers with the ability to recognize their users" affective states (e.g., stress), so that computers may adjust their interaction behavior accordingly [1] [2]. In part, this has been attempted by monitoring and analyzing physiological signals which are inherently controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), such as the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), the Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), and, recently, the Pupil Diameter (PD).…”

Assistive Technology and Affective Mediation

“…With the aim of organizing affective computing research, Hudlicka (2003) proposes a classification based on different stages of affect processing, such as sensing, recognizing, interpreting, selecting, and expressing affects. In this document, we use this classification to organize those impairments involving affective communication disabilities.…”

“…According to Hudlicka (2003), the challenges of affect in HCI encompass recognizing user affect, adapting to the user's affective state, generating affective behavior by the machine, and modeling the user's affective states or generating affective states within an agent's cognitive architecture. In this section, we present a number of the most relevant techniques to enhance affective communication for disabled people in the areas of affect recognition and generation.…”

Beyond cognition and affect: sensing the unconscious

“…Thus, unlike traditional interactions paradigms, it does not demand users to provide explicit input. The advantages of psychophysiological user interfaces, such as increased adaptive capability, effortless and extended communication bandwidth, have attracted the attention of HCI researchers (Hudlicka 2003, Pantic and Rothkrantz 2003, Mandryk et al 2006, Fairclough 2009 and have stimulated investigations associated with computer systems that can recognize and simulate human cognitive and affective states (Scheirer et al 2002, Lin et al 2012, McDuff et al 2012. Potential applications of physiological computing include the realtime assessment of mental workload (e.g.…”