Beyond cognition and affect: sensing the unconscious

Ivonin, Leonid; Chang, Huang-Ming; Díaz, Marta; Català, Andreu; Chen, Wei; Rauterberg, Matthias

doi:10.1080/0144929x.2014.912353

Cited by 49 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Therefore, the comparison is problematic. Another study by Ivonin, et al [ 69 ] reported higher accuracies of predicting archetypal experiences but it used within-subjects models for classification, and moreover, fell short in conducting statistical comparison of classification accuracies obtained for different conditions. In order to have a relative benchmark, the results obtained for the explicit emotions can be set against previous studies that dealt with recognition of affect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traces of Unconscious Mental Processes in Introspective Reports and Physiological Responses

et al. 2015

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Unconscious mental processes have recently started gaining attention in a number of scientific disciplines. One of the theoretical frameworks for describing unconscious processes was introduced by Jung as a part of his model of the psyche. This framework uses the concept of archetypes that represent prototypical experiences associated with objects, people, and situations. Although the validity of Jungian model remains an open question, this framework is convenient from the practical point of view. Moreover, archetypes found numerous applications in the areas of psychology and marketing. Therefore, observation of both conscious and unconscious traces related to archetypal experiences seems to be an interesting research endeavor. In a study with 36 subjects, we examined the effects of experiencing conglomerations of unconscious emotions associated with various archetypes on the participants’ introspective reports and patterns of physiological activations. Our hypothesis for this experiment was that physiological data may predict archetypes more precisely than introspective reports due to the implicit nature of archetypal experiences. Introspective reports were collected using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) technique. Physiological measures included cardiovascular, electrodermal, respiratory responses and skin temperature of the subjects. The subjects were stimulated to feel four archetypal experiences and four explicit emotions by means of film clips. The data related to the explicit emotions served as a reference in analysis of archetypal experiences. Our findings indicated that while prediction models trained on the collected physiological data could recognize the archetypal experiences with accuracy of 55 percent, similar models built based on the SAM data demonstrated performance of only 33 percent. Statistical tests enabled us to confirm that physiological observations are better suited for observation of implicit psychological constructs like archetypes than introspective reports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traces of Unconscious Mental Processes in Introspective Reports and Physiological Responses

et al. 2015

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“…Developments in affective computing (Tao and Tan 2005) can monitor physiological responses (Ivonin et al 2015) to infer users' emotional states. Other techniques examine the text users employ for sentiment analysis (Balci and Salah 2015;Colace et al 2015;Ortigosa, Martin, and Carro 2014), consider dwell times (Strebe 2016), or examine keystroke dynamics (Nahin et al 2014), or mouse clicks (Macaulay 2004) to infer emotional states.…”

Section: Consumer Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a variety of systems are being developed to infer emotional state (e.g. Ivonin et al 2015;Macaulay 2004;Nahin et al 2014;Tao and Tan 2005), the consideration of response to a win or loss is thus timely. The present study indicates that people are more likely to respond to advice when experiencing loss, and there are indications that receptivity may also vary dynamically as circumstances change.…”

Section: Contingencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes in the use of online advice in response to task success or failure

Phillips

Landon

2016

Behaviour & Information Technology

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A range of responsible gambling systems have been developed, but they are not necessarily used by consumers. This requires an understanding of factors (e.g. risk and loss) influencing response to advice. Therefore, an experiment examined the use of decisional support in response to induced success or failure. A total of 21 university students played computer Blackjack at two levels of risk, and were informed as to whether the odds were in their favour ('card count'), and were given online advice as to card selection (Basic). Winning streaks led to overconfidence, as indicated by larger mean bets, more Basic errors, and a failure to adjust wagering upon cessation of the winning streak. Participants were more cautious in response to losses, betting less, and were more likely to comply with advice. Participants attended and complied with advice earlier at low risk, but at high risk noticed advice later and did not comply. Induced emotional states (e.g. winning or losing) are important as they influence the likelihood that people will listen to online advice. Designers of Behaviour Change Support Systems should consider methods of contingently implementing advice. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Regarding the unconscious emotions in media content, some preliminary studies have revealed that specific narratives in media content would induce unique physiological patterns while the audience is unaware of it (Ivonin et al , 2014(Ivonin et al , 2015Chang et al 2014b). It is promising to explore further with this direction.…”

Section: Potential Challenges and Promising Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconscious Emotions in Media Content

Chang¹,

Ivonin²,

Rauterberg³

2015

Handbook of Digital Games and Entertainment Technologies

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Stories and human society are inseparable. Before human history, our ancestors created myths as the oldest form of narratives. Due to the advances of digital media, stories are nowadays communicated in various ways. Yet the structure and the key elements of modern stories still remain the same. This chapter starts with a discussion about the relationship between stories and human society. It is curious that human beings keep being intrigued by stories of similar structures and scenes. A reasonable speculation is that these identical components of stories might induce emotional experiences at an unconscious level. Can emotions be unconscious? While the answer to this question is still open to debate, more and more empirical evidence suggests that humans might have unconscious emotions in certain conditions. In order to provide a holistic theoretical overview focusing on unconscious emotions, a review of contemporary theories, models, and measures of emotion is provided. This review illustrates an integrated overview of research into unconscious emotions and also points out potential challenges and promising approaches that could inform future research on unconscious emotions in media content.

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Beyond cognition and affect: sensing the unconscious

Cited by 49 publications

References 70 publications

Traces of Unconscious Mental Processes in Introspective Reports and Physiological Responses

Traces of Unconscious Mental Processes in Introspective Reports and Physiological Responses

Dynamic changes in the use of online advice in response to task success or failure

Unconscious Emotions in Media Content

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