To complete their life cycle, pathogenic nematode–bacteria complexes deter scavengers from feeding on their host cadaver

Foltan, Pavel; Půža, Vladimı́r

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2008.09.012

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…that the cadaver infected with EPNs remains intact so as to enable the nematodes to complete their life cycle (Foltan & Puza, 2009). Although insect cadavers are vulnerable to invertebrate scavengers, such as ants, studies have been conducted suggesting that the nematode/bacteria infestation might deter ants from scavenging (Foltan & Puza, 2009).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although insect cadavers are vulnerable to invertebrate scavengers, such as ants, studies have been conducted suggesting that the nematode/bacteria infestation might deter ants from scavenging (Foltan & Puza, 2009). Zhou et al (2002) used four-day-old G. mellonella larvae killed by different strains of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus species, or by freezing, and found that a significantly larger number of non-infected cadavers were removed by the ants.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPNs of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are found naturally in soils, where they are lethal parasites of a wide range of insects that have soil-dwelling life stages (Foltan & Puza, 2009;Gulcu et al, 2012). Heterorhabditids and steinernematids both have obligatory symbiotic associations with bacteria of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus respectively (Boemare, 2001;Ehlers, 2001;Griffin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux

Malan

2015

SAJEV

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In South Africa, the most common method of mealybug control has been the use of chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae potentially can be used within an integrated pest management scheme to control Planococcus ficus, the vine mealybug, which occurs on all parts of grapevine, including the roots. When Steinernema yirgalemense was applied to the soil of two vineyards with P. ficus, contained in pierced Eppendorf tubes, buried at a depth of 15 cm in the soil, mortalities of up to 50% were obtained after 48 h. The persistence of S. yirgalemense, measured using codling moth larval mortality was found to be zero in one vineyard, while in the other it was 70%, 12 weeks after application. Tests were conducted to establish the production of scavenger deterrent factors by H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense. Of the cadavers that were presented six days after nematode infection, 49% of the H. zealandica-and 60% of the S. yirgalemense-infected cadavers were left intact. Olfactometry tests indicated a significant difference concerning the number of S. yirgalemense infective juveniles (IJs) that were attracted to damaged Vitis vinifera roots and P. ficus, indicating active movement of the IJs and the attractive ability of organic compounds produced by the roots. This study shows that EPNs, and specifically S. yirgalemense, have promising potential as biological control agents for the control of P. ficus soil populations, and investigates some influential factors affecting EPNs as biocontrol agents in the agro-ecosystem.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux

Malan

2015

SAJEV

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“…Not only does the cadaver need protecting from bacterial and fungal opportunists, but also from foraging insects. Both Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus have been shown to be able to repel scavengers including ants (Baur, Kaya, & Strong, 1998;Zhou, Kaya, Heungens, & Goodrich-Blair, 2002), crickets, cockroaches, springtails, wasps (Gulcu, Hazir, & Kaya, 2012;Ulug, Hazir, Kaya, & Lewis, 2014), predator insects (Foltan & Půža, 2009) and even birds (Fenton, Magoolagan, Kennedy, & Spencer, 2011) by the production of Scavenger Deterrent Factor (SDF) which has been not unidentified chemically.…”

Section: Role Of Symbiotic Bacteria In the Infection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic Relationships of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Agricultural Habitats

Lewis

Hazır

Hodson

et al. 2015

Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

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“…However, most studies have ignored the indirect effects of the nematode/bacteria complex on these non-target insects, such as the effect of predators ingesting prey contaminated by EPNs. It is known that predation impairs the development of EPNs within the insect because, in addition to being affected by the complete destruction of the host, its development can be harmed by holes opened in the integument that permit desiccation of the host interior (Baur et al 1998;Foltan and Puza 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Predator Calosoma granulatum in the Laboratory

et al. 2015

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used in inundative biological control of pests, such as Spodoptera frugiperda, which is targeted primarily when it enters the soil to form pupae. Within insects, EPNs require 7-15 days to form new infective juveniles (IJs); however, if the insect carcass is predated during this period, the population dynamics of nematodes and predators in the soil may be affected. In the soil, S. frugiperda is predated by carabid beetle Calosoma granulatum, which feeds on carcasses and living insects. The aim of the study was to analyze the direct effects of EPN contact with the predator and the effects of EPNs parasitizing prey on predator feeding. The predator C. granulatum and EPN H. amazonensis isolates RSC 5 and JPM 4, which have activity against S. frugiperda, were used. Laboratory experiments were conducted with topical application of IJs on the predator, as were experiments with and without choice using S. frugiperda larvae that were either healthy or infected by EPNs as prey. It was found that only the first instar predator larvae are susceptible to EPNs when applied topically at concentrations greater than 150 IJs/mL. The third instar larvae and adults avoid feeding on infected larvae, but the repulsion occurs only after symbiotic bacteria are released by EPNs inside the host. When predator only had access to infected carcasses as food, most larvae died during the 6 days of feeding. The results obtained shown that in general, these two native isolates of H. amazonensis, are safe for the native predator C. granulatum.

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To complete their life cycle, pathogenic nematode–bacteria complexes deter scavengers from feeding on their host cadaver

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Trophic Relationships of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Agricultural Habitats

Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Predator Calosoma granulatum in the Laboratory

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