TNFα‐induced abnormal activation of TNFR/NF‐κB/FTH1 in endometrium is involved in the pathogenesis of early spontaneous abortion

Abstract

Pregnancy is a physiological process that is often accompanied by a variety of complications, and it has significant effects on the physical and mental health in women of reproductive age.Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common pregnancy complications with a clinical incidence of around 15%, in which more than 80% cases occur before 12 weeks, also known as early spontaneous abortion (ESA). 1,2 Many factors may lead to the occurrence of ESA, including chromosomal abnormalities of the

A study examining the correlation between serum 25-OH-VitD levels, CD3-CD19+ B lymphocytes, and the risk of early spontaneous abortion in pregnant women

“…This role may be related to a series of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. [ 1 ] Several current studies suggest that preterm birth is associated with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. However, the association between vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester of pregnancy and abortion is not clear.…”

“…Excessive TNF-α is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ 25 ] Wen Y [ 1 ] conducted a basic study by collecting decidua tissues of ESA patients and normal pregnancy population and found that the level of TNF-α in decidua tissues of ESA group increased significantly. He suggested that long-term stimulation with high TNF-α levels could induce abnormal activation of TNFR/NF-κB/FTH1 signaling, leading to excessive apoptosis of decidua, unstable implantation and ESA.…”

“…Globally, pregnant women have an incidence rate of around 15%, while in China, the incidence of ESA is approximately 10% to 14%. [ 1 – 3 ] The pathogenesis of ESA is complex and can be attributed to various causes, including congenital genetic factors such as fetal chromosome abnormalities, acquired factors like maternal endocrine and metabolic disorders, uterine dysplasia or malformation, immune dysfunction, and reproductive tract infections, among others. However, currently, the causes of 50% of all ESA cases remain unclear.…”

Association of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibody during pregnancy with placental morphology and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses

“…There is a unique immunologic state during successful pregnancy, the balance between the anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory environments changes to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance and promote placental development, but excessive inflammation can affect placental function (2,46). Abnormal expression of placental cytokines may lead to insufficiency and increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia (PE) and preterm birth (47,48). Ma et al found higher expression of placental pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-6 and MCP-1 in pregnant women with PE (49).…”