TNF-alpha Level, a Marker for Ivermectin Induced Immune Modulation in Cattle with Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BOSCC)

Abstract

Ivermectin drug used in the treatment of endo and ecto parasites in animals, but in this study was used to treat Bovine ocularsquamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) at a dose 200 mg /Kg body weight. Forty cattle were used in this study in a period from January 2014 to December 2015. The result of this study was revealed significant increase (P≤0.05) in the mean of total white blood cells count (5.39 ± 1.052) cell/mm 3 before treatment and reach to (6.49 ± 0.422)cell/mm 3 after treatment and the mean of lymphocyte rate (34.5 ± 3.20)% before treatment and reach to (60.6±10.83)% after treatment. Also, there was significant depression (P≤0.05) in the means of neutrophils and monocytes rates (59.4 ±4.52)% , (4.3 ±1.40)% before treatment compare with percentage of cells after treatment were (34.4 ±9.56)% , (2.2 ± 1.15)% respectively. The result showed significant (P≤0.05) decreased in the TNF-Alpha level (10.1 ± 1.1) ng/L in after treatment, while was (14.9 ± 0.48) ng/L before treatment compare with the control group was (6.5 ± 3.1) ng/L. Sixteen cattle were recovering from sum of twenty cattle in the treated group, the cure rate reaches to 80% with sign of loss the cancer mass size without any side effect on the animals. The Ivermectin could be a drug to treat BOSCC with a 80% cure rate.

Prognostic significance of PCNA, MMP-9 and p53 in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas

“…11,26 Carcinomas are nodular, cauliflower-like, hemorrhagic, ulcerative, friable in consistency, easily crumbly and have bad odor due to contamination. 7 In our study, we also observed that tumoral masses were cauliflower-like, nodular, hemorrhagic, ulcerative, and were covered with a purulent discharge similar to that reported in previous literature. 5,13,22,27 The number and intensity of keratin pearls, the width of the tumoral island formation, and pleomorphism are important parameters in determining the BOSCC differentiation degrees.…”

“…[3][4][5] The tumor is mostly detected in Hereford, Holstein, and Simmental cattle breeds; the incidence is more common in the age of 3 to 7 years; and the tumor has no sex pre-disposition. [6][7][8] BOSCC, which originates from the stratum spinosum cells of stratified squamous epithelium, can occur in different ocular and periocular tissues including the palpebral skin, epithelial surfaces of the cornea and conjunctiva, third eyelid, and limbus. 8,9 The tumor is typically ulcerative, firm, lobular, and has a cauliflower-like appearance, and when seen with purulent panophthalmitis, it can be covered with a mucopurulent exudate.…”

“…8,9 The tumor is typically ulcerative, firm, lobular, and has a cauliflower-like appearance, and when seen with purulent panophthalmitis, it can be covered with a mucopurulent exudate. 7,10 Histologically, BOSCC ranges from well-differentiated to undifferentiated and has a highly variable degree of invasiveness. 11,12 Well-differentiated tumors contain concentric lamellations of glob cornes, while poorly differentiated tumors are highly anaplastic and have small hyperchromatic cells without keratinization.…”

Evaluation of therapeutic potential of ivermectin against complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats: Involvement of inflammatory mediators

“…The result can be compared with dexamethasone, which also decreases the level of TNF significantly, but there was no significant difference found between the ivermectin and dexamethasone groups. Ivermectin was found to significantly lower TNF levels when compared with the untreated group [52]. Decrease in TNF levels has been linked to a potential protective effect in CFA‐induced arthritis [40].…”