Tm:KY(WO_4)_2 waveguide laser

Rivier, S.; Mateos, Xavier; Petrov, Valentín; Griebner, Uwe; Romanyuk, Yaroslav E.; Borca, Camelia N.; Gardillou, Florent; Pollnau, Markus

doi:10.1364/oe.15.005885

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Research interest in recent years has shifted towards deposition of rare-earth doped double tungstate structures [65,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85], due to a number of favorable properties of these crystals, such as the possibility of doping with high concentrations of rare earth ions and the large emission and absorption cross sections of the latter in this family of crystals. Finally, there is only one report to date on a waveguide laser based on other crystals, namely on YLF:Nd 3+ [86].…”

Section: Liquid Phase Epitaxy (Lpe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main limitations of this method are the lack of accurate thickness control and the poor surface uniformity of the layer, which however, can be overcome by polishing. LPE has been extensively used for growth of oxide layers and for waveguide lasers in particular, early work focused on development of rare-earth doped garnet films [66,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75].Research interest in recent years has shifted towards deposition of rare-earth doped double tungstate structures [65,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85], due to a number of favorable properties of these crystals, such as the possibility of doping with high concentrations of rare earth ions and the large emission and absorption cross sections of the latter in this family of crystals. Finally, there is only one report to date on a waveguide laser based on other crystals, namely on YLF:Nd 3+…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

193

102

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Abstract:The tremendous interest in the field of waveguide lasers in the past two decades is largely attributed to the geometry of the gain medium, which provides the possibility to store optical energy on a very small dimension in the form of an optical mode. This allows for realization of sources with enhanced optical gain, low lasing threshold, and small footprint and opens up exciting possibilities in the area of integrated optics by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Moreover, this geometrical concept is compatible with high power diode pumping schemes as it provides exceptional thermal management, minimizing the impact of thermal loading on laser performance. The proliferation of techniques for fabrication and processing capable of producing high optical quality waveguides has greatly contributed to the growth of waveguide lasers from a topic of fundamental research to an area that encompasses a variety of practical applications. In this first part of the review on optically pumped waveguide lasers the properties that distinguish these sources from other classes of lasers will be discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-the art in terms of fabrication tools used for producing waveguide lasers is reviewed from the aspects of the processes and the materials involved. 2 1.IntroductionOver the last two decades the field of solid-state planar waveguide lasers has experienced a steady growth, progressing from a laboratory curiosity to an area that demonstrates a broad spectrum of applications, from multiwavelength laser channel arrays for telecommunications to diode-pumped planar structures with multiwatt output powers for sensing and ranging applications. Waveguide lasers are by no means a new field and the first report on such a source dates back in 1961, when laser operation of a waveguide based on an active glass core rod embedded in a low refractive index cladding was demonstrated [1]. However research efforts in the years that followed this report focused primarily on the development of optically pumped laser sources based on high optical quality bulk dielectric laser media in the form of rods and slabs. The merits of the waveguide geometry and the associated optical confinement have been first highlighted in single mode glass optical fibers. Fibers have proven an enabling technology for realization of highly efficient amplifier and laser sources owing to their unrivalled low loss performance and ability to maintain a small spot size and hence high intensities over lengths that are orders of magnitude longer than would normally be allowed by diffraction, [2,3]. Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in particular have directly contributed to the enormous expansion of the optical communications networks that underpin today's internet infrastructure by allowing for signal regeneration and optical data transmission over long distances. The excellent performance of fiber lasers and amplifiers provided motivation and triggered a major techn...

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Section: Liquid Phase Epitaxy (Lpe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

193

102

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“…For this purpose, diffusion-bonded structures were applied and laser operation at 2020 nm with a CW output power of up to 15 W was achieved [20]. The only report on lasing of a Tm-doped monoclinic double tungstate planar waveguide structure was based on Tm:KYW and the waveguide was placed in a ~1 m long external laser cavity [21].…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm-doped KY(WO_4)_2 planar waveguide laser at 184 µm

Bolaños¹,

Carvajal²,

Mateos³

et al. 2011

Opt. Express

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High-quality monoclinic planar waveguide crystals of Tm-doped KY(WO 4 ) 2 codoped with Gd 3+ and Lu 3+ were grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. For the first time, planar waveguide lasing was demonstrated in a monolithic cavity in the 2 µm spectral range. The laser was operated in the Q-switched mode using a Cr 2+ :ZnSe crystal as saturable absorber and in the continuous-wave regimes. The Q-switched planar waveguide laser delivered pulse energies up to 120 nJ at a repetition rate of 7 kHz.

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“…Strong water absorption at ~2 µm reduces the penetration depth of this radiation into the bio-tissues which is of enormous importance in medicine. The development of ~2 µm lasers with waveguide geometry [1][2][3][4] 4 , which leads to the excitation of two adjacent ions to the upper laser level by the absorption of a single pump photon [5]. The CR process enables a rather high slope efficiency of Tm lasers [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly for the waveguide geometry, the concept of 'mixed' active layer host, KGd x Y y Lu z W (x + y + z = 1), has been to provide (i) optimum refractive index contrast and (ii) optimum lattice-matching with respect to the undoped substrate, usually KYW, as well as (iii) to ensure high doping levels of active ions [9][10][11]. High optical quality and low propagation loss (<0.2 dB cm −1 ) few µm-thick films of Tm:KGd x Y y Lu z W have been grown on bulk KYW substrates and continuouswave (CW) [4,6,12] and passively Q-switched (PQS) [13] laser operation has been reported to date. 2+ :ZnSe has been used as a saturable absorber (SA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

et al. 2017

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We report on the first Tm 3+ -doped double tungstate waveguide laser passively Q-switched by a graphene saturable absorber using a 12.4 µm-thick 3 at.% Tm:KY 0.58 Gd 0.22 Lu 0.17 (WO 4 ) 2 epitaxial layer grown on a (0 1 0)-oriented pure KY(WO 4 ) 2 substrate. This laser generated 5.8 nJ/195 ns pulses at 1831.8 nm corresponding to a pulse repetition frequency of 1.13 MHz. These are the shortest pulses achieved in passively Q-switched Tm waveguide lasers. The laser slope efficiency was 9% and the Q-switching conversion efficiency reached 45%. Graphene is promising for the generation of ns pulses at ~2 µm in Tm 3+ -doped double tungstate waveguide lasers operating in the MHz-range.

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Tm:KY(WO_4)_2 waveguide laser

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm-doped KY(WO_4)_2 planar waveguide laser at 184 µm

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser

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Tm:KY(WO_4)_2 waveguide laser

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm-doped KY(WO_4)_2 planar waveguide laser at 184 µm

Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO4)2waveguide laser

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Graphene Q-switched Tm:KY(WO₄)₂waveguide laser