TLC-Direct Bioautography and LC/MS as Complementary Methods in Identification of Antibacterial Agents in Plant Tinctures from the Asteraceae Family

Abstract

Matricaria recutita L. (chamomile) and Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) are very common herbs growing in meadows, pathways, crop fields, and home gardens. Preparations from these plants, e.g., infusions or alcohol extracts, are widely used as remedies. Both chamomile and yarrow have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Most microbiological assays used today give information only on activity of whole extracts and do not provide information on the composition and activity of individual components. This problem can be solved by using TLC with direct microbiological detection, i.e., TLC-direct bioautography (TLC-DB), followed by LC/MS of active fractions. The aim of our study was chemical and microbiological screening of plant components of chamomile and yarrow tinctures using derivatization reagents and TLC-DB against eight bacterial strains: Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, Xanthomonas campestis pv. vesicatoria, Aliivibrio fischeri, and Bacillus subtilis. The identity of compounds exhibiting the widest range of activity (apigenin and α-linolenic acid) was confirmed by LC/MS.

Anthracycline Shunt Metabolites From Philippine Marine Sediment-Derived Streptomyces Destroy Cell Membrane Integrity of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…As part of our natural drug discovery program for new antibiotics, we recovered 35 actinobacterial isolates from marine sediment samples collected near Romblon islands, Philippines using a culture-dependent isolation technique in selective minimal marine media (Mincer et al, 2002;Jensen et al, 2005;Dalisay et al, 2013). In this approach, we utilized two media (noble agar and ISP4) with components that mimic the sea water nutrients, pH, and salinity.…”

“…In this approach, we utilized two media (noble agar and ISP4) with components that mimic the sea water nutrients, pH, and salinity. Further, the media contain cyclohexamide to inhibit fungal contamination and the antibiotic rifamycin to select Actinobacteria (Mincer et al, 2002;Jensen et al, 2005;Hames-Kocabas and Uzel, 2012;Dalisay et al, 2013;Claverias et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2016;Jose and Jha, 2017;Subramani and Sipkema, 2019).…”

“…The sediments were collected 200-500 m away from the islands by SCUBA at a depth of 20-30 m. The sediment samples were placed in sterile cylindrical tubes and kept at 4 • C until further processing. Dry stamp method (DSM) and heat shock method (HSM) (Mincer et al, 2002;Jensen et al, 2005;Dalisay et al, 2013) using selective minimal marine media (ISP4 and noble agar) (Dalisay et al, 2013) were used to grow the marine sediment-derived Actinobacteria. The inoculated plates were incubated at room temperature for 30 to 60 days.…”

“…We focused on isolating the Actinobacteria from marine sediments and screen their crude extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-44, profiling antibacterial activity and determining their membrane disruption ability, and identifying the compound(s) responsible for antibiotic activity. We performed a culture-dependent isolation approach using the dry stamp and heat shock methods (Mincer et al, 2002;Jensen et al, 2005;Dalisay et al, 2013) utilizing minimal marine media to isolate marine sediment-derived Actinobacteria. We isolated 35 actinobacterial isolates with six isolates (17% hit rate) active against S. aureus ATCC BAA-44.…”

A proprietary herbal extract against hair loss in androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium: a placebo-controlled, single-blind, clinical-instrumental study

“…Mc extract applied topically also showed wound healing potential in a linear incisional model in rats (40). A pharmacologically active flavonoid apigenin that is contained by both Mc and Am supports hair growth by suppressing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which stimulates the catagen phase in the hair growth cycle (41,42).…”