Titanium surface bio-functionalization using osteogenic peptides: Surface chemistry, biocompatibility, corrosion and tribocorrosion aspects

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) is widely used in biomedical devices due to its recognized biocompatibility. However, implant failures and subsequent clinical side effects are still recurrent. In this context, improvements can be achieved by designing biomaterials where the bulk and the surface of Ti are independently tailored. The conjugation of biomolecules onto the Ti surface can improve its bioactivity, thus accelerating the osteointegration process. Ti was modified with TiO, two different spacers, 3-(4-aminophenyl) propionic acid (APPA) or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) peptides. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of carbon and nitrogen for all samples, indicating a success in the functionalization process. Furthermore, DMP1 peptides showed an improved coverage area for the samples with APPA and MPA spacers. Biological tests indicated that the peptides could modulate cell affinity, proliferation, and differentiation. Enhanced results were observed in the presence of MPA. Moreover, the immobilization of DMP1 peptides through the spacers led to the formation of calcium phosphate minerals with a Ca/P ratio near to that of hydroxyapatite. Corrosion and tribocorrosion results indicated an increased resistance to corrosion and lower mass loss in the functionalized materials, showing that this new type of functional material has attractive properties for biomaterials application.

Progression of Bio-Tribocorrosion in Implant Dentistry

“…The synergistic effects of the interactions between wear and corrosion on the material surface are known as "tribocorrosion" (Ponthiaux et al, 2004;Azzi and Szpunar, 2007). In other words, tribocorrosion is a science that studies the inter-relationship of wear, chemical, and electrochemical processes (Oliveira et al, 2015;Trino et al, 2018).…”

“…After screening full texts, a total of 44 studies were included considering the tribocorrosion analyses for dental implants and frameworks applications. The characteristics of the 44 studies (Vieira et al, 2006;Banu et al, 2008;Richard et al, 2010;Souza et al, 2010aSouza et al, , 2012Sivakumar et al, 2011;Dimah et al, 2012;Mardare et al, 2012;Mathew et al, 2012a,b;Albayrak et al, 2013;Alves et al, 2013Alves et al, , 2014Alves et al, , 2017Alves et al, , 2018Benea et al, 2013Benea et al, , 2015Benea et al, , 2017Licausi et al, 2013a,b;Fazel et al, 2015;Figueiredo-Pina et al, 2015;Golvano et al, 2015;Oliveira et al, 2015;Buciumeanu et al, 2016Buciumeanu et al, , 2017Correa et al, 2016;Guinon Pina et al, 2016;Marques et al, 2016;Mindivan et al, 2016;Pontes et al, 2016;Sampaio et al, 2016b;Silva et al, 2016;Bryant and Neville, 2017;Danaila and Benea, 2017;Mindivan and Mindivan, 2018;Sikora et al, 2018;Trino et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Branco et al, 2019;Corne et al, 2019;Cui et al, 2019a,b;…”

“…Additionally, different surface treatments have also been studied as nitriding, plasma electrolytic oxidation, hydroxyapatite coatings, sandblasting and acid etching, and biomolecules functionalization. Since the surface characteristics play an essential role for dental implants material behavior many surface modifications have been performed to achieve better wear and corrosion properties Trino et al, 2018). For tribocorrosion analyses of these surfaces, a tribometer associated to a potentiostat with a three-electrode cell is commonly used, and specific mechanical and electrochemical parameters are applied.…”

“…In this way, the tribolayer of Ti-based implants are commonly subjected to damages by tribocorrosion phenomena since the implantation and along the lifetime service (Trino et al, 2018). Firstly, material loss can occur during the implantation when friction forces are applied to implants exposed to body fluids (Suárez-López Del Amo et al, 2018).…”

“…Therefore, it is an outstanding effort to develop surface modifications to improve the tribocorrosion properties of Ti material for long-term dental implants clinical applications (Fazel et al, 2015;Cui et al, 2019a). The use of alloying elements for Ti-alloys manufacture, surface treatments, and biomolecules immobilization are strategies that have been used to overcome the tribocorrosion phenomena (Revathi et al, 2017;Trino et al, 2018;Cui et al, 2019a). The surface modification techniques and their respective benefits against the tribocorrosion process are shown in Figure 5.…”