Progression of Bio-Tribocorrosion in Implant Dentistry

Abstract

Oral rehabilitation devices are susceptible to bio-tribocorrosion phenomena in the oral environment due to the synergism of wear, chemical, biochemical, and microbiological processes. This review summarizes the clinical problems and advances obtained based on current scientific evidence as well as the influence of tribological fundamentals, testing methodologies, and protocols in tribocorrosion analyses. The main clinical question related to oral rehabilitation with dental implants is the treatment failure, which is influenced by material degradation. Titanium-based implants are exposed to wear and corrosion challenges in the oral environment since the implantation and along the lifetime service. The titanium (Ti) properties such as structural material, connection design, surface treatments, alloying elements are influencing factors for material behavior. In addition, wear-corrosion factors such as cyclic loads, micromovements, oral biofilm, decontamination methods are also associated with dental implants degradation. These environmental conditions to which dental implants are submitted leads to the release of Ti particles and ions with cytotoxic and harmful effects on peri-implant surrounding tissues. In this context, the current state of the art of bio-tribocorrosion over the last decade has been steadily increasing to understand material degradation. The basic test system used to translate the tribocorrosion phenomena in the oral environment to the bench consists of electrochemical and tribological synergic analysis. The mechanical (applied load, frequency, stroke distance, and number of cycles) and electrochemical (solution composition, concentration of anions, and pH) test conditions are determinants for materials tribocorrosion performance. To overcome the tribocorrosion phenomena some strategies have been used such as alloying elements for Ti-alloys manufacture, surface treatments, and biomolecules immobilization. Further studies need to have the tribocorrosion analyses as the basis for new smart materials development considering the importance of such aspects for the biomaterial clinical behavior. Finally, tribological tests are relevant strategies for understanding the mechanisms of degradation in the oral environment and for providing a way to improve the clinical outcomes of dental implants.

Effects of Titanium Corrosion Products on In Vivo Biological Response: A Basis for the Understanding of Osseointegration Failures Mechanisms

“…Corrosion of metallic based devices is a well reported challenge in the field with a number of studies discussing its impact on implant performance and host tissues (Cadosch et al, 2009;Mombelli et al, 2018;Noronha Oliveira et al, 2018;Hanawa, 2019;Dini et al, 2020). Corrosion of Ti-based devices can induce exacerbated and chronic host inflammatory response, resulting in unfavorable osseointegration outcomes (Mouhyi et al, 2012;Noronha Oliveira et al, 2018).…”

“…Materials comprised of titanium (Ti), especially commercially pure Ti (cpTi) and Ti-6aluminum-4vanadium alloy (Ti64), are widely used for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility (Flatebø et al, 2006;Hanawa, 2019;Dini et al, 2020), favorable mechanical properties (Flatebø et al, 2006;Niinomi, 2008;Niinomi et al, 2016) and corrosion resistance (Shah et al, 2016;Hanawa, 2019). Ti-based implant biomaterials are usually the material of choice in oral implantology and orthopedics due to its ability to osseointegrate (Davies, 2003;Flatebø et al, 2006;Mouhyi et al, 2012).…”

“…Conversely, products from oral bacterial biofilms and/or chronic inflammatory environments present detrimental effects to both Ti-based devices (implant and its prosthetic parts) and host cells/tissues (Messer et al, 2009;Mouhyi et al, 2012;Penmetsa et al, 2017;Delgado-Ruiz and Romanos, 2018;Noumbissi et al, 2019;Dini et al, 2020). Experimental studies show that a chronic inflammatory milieu, involving the sustained release of pro-inflammatory mediators and/or altered cell function, generates an electrochemical environment that can negatively affect the Ti-based biomaterials, initiating a corrosion process and ion dissolution (Messer et al, 2009;Messer et al, 2010;Mouhyi et al, 2012).…”

“…Experimental studies show that a chronic inflammatory milieu, involving the sustained release of pro-inflammatory mediators and/or altered cell function, generates an electrochemical environment that can negatively affect the Ti-based biomaterials, initiating a corrosion process and ion dissolution (Messer et al, 2009;Messer et al, 2010;Mouhyi et al, 2012). By definition, corrosion consists of metallic material degradation induced by chemical or electrochemical events (Delgado-Ruiz and Romanos, 2018;Dini et al, 2020) and leads to a gradual loss of metallic ions from the biomaterial surface to the surrounding environment (Saini et al, 2015;Asri et al, 2017). Indeed, several studies have shown that even cpTi and Ti64 can be susceptible to corrosion under challenging in vivo and in vitro conditions in dentistry and orthopedics (Mouhyi et al, 2012;Shah et al, 2016;Wheelis et al, 2016;Noronha Oliveira et al, 2018;Arteaga et al, 2021).…”

Investigation of Chemomechanical Effects on Sapphire Surfaces Modified by Ion-Implantation-Induced Carbon Impurities

“…For instance, properties, such as creep, fracture and fatigue are known to be susceptible to changes in environment [30,31]. Also, in the context of bio-tribocorrosion studies, the degradation of Ti-based biomedical devices, such as wear and corrosion synergistic effect of are well known and widely studied [32][33][34][35]. The body fluid environment may also decrease the fatigue strength and Wear performance of the devices.…”