Tissue Tropism in Host Transcriptional Response to Members of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Behura, Susanta K.; Tizioto, P. C.; Kim, JaeWoo; Grupioni, Natália Vinhal; Seabury, Christopher M.; Schnabel, Robert D.; Gershwin, Laurel J.; Eenennaam, Alison L. Van; Toaff-Rosenstein, Rachel L.; Neibergs, Holly L.; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; Taylor, Jeremy F.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18205-0

Cited by 32 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As recently observed in Austria and Slovakia [23], we did not succeed in identifying genetic determinants of tissue tropism, nor between enteric and respiratory BCoV strains (based on published sequences), nor between strains present in the upper and lower respiratory tracts (based on the sequences generated within the framework of the present study). In the absence of viral genetic determinants of tissue tropism, the immune status of the animals at the time of the BCoV infection, infectious dose, and route of inoculation (oro-fecal versus aerosol) may play a role in determining sites of infection [77]. In addition, the animals sampled in the present study suffered from respiratory disease, but as both BCoV and co-infecting pathogens were detected, a direct link between BCoV and respiratory signs cannot be made.…”

Section: No Obvious Link Between Virus Tropism and Genetic Markersmentioning

confidence: 86%

Global Transmission, Spatial Segregation, and Recombination Determine the Long-Term Evolution and Epidemiology of Bovine Coronaviruses

Salem

Vijaykrishna

Cassard

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is widespread in cattle and wild ruminant populations throughout the world. The virus causes neonatal calf diarrhea and winter dysentery in adult cattle, as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infection in young cattle. We isolated and deep sequenced whole genomes of BCoV from calves with respiratory distress in the south-west of France and conducted a comparative genome analysis using globally collected BCoV sequences to provide insights into the genomic characteristics, evolutionary origins, and global diversity of BCoV. Molecular clock analyses allowed us to estimate that the BCoV ancestor emerged in the 1940s, and that two geographically distinct lineages diverged from the 1960s-1970s. A recombination event in the spike gene (breakpoint at nt 1100) may be at the origin of the genetic divergence sixty years ago. Little evidence of genetic mixing between the spatially segregated lineages was found, suggesting that BCoV genetic diversity is a result of a global transmission pathway that occurred during the last century. However, we found variation in evolution rates between the European and non-European lineages indicating differences in virus ecology.Viruses 2020, 12, 534 2 of 16 epithelium damage, [7] and altering commensal microbiota and local biofilm [8][9][10], thus leading to complex secondary bacterial infections [8,10,11].BCoV is a pneumoenteric virus frequently isolated from the fecal samples of diarrheic calves [12-15] and from upper and lower respiratory tract samples during BRD episodes worldwide [16][17][18][19]. While both forms of BCoV infection are widespread with high prevalence among cattle [12,13,15,20,21] and wild ruminants [22], the putative differences between strains isolated from enteric and respiratory tracts are still not clear, and it is unknown whether these differences are related to tissue tropism or simply to distinct times and locations of isolation. Some reports indeed suggest that all the BCoV are similar at genomic and antigenic levels [18,23], while others suggest that enteric and respiratory strains are genetically and antigenically different [24,25]. Zhang et al. highlighted molecular differences within a single host, with intra-host quasispecies and enteric strains more prone to genetic changes than their respiratory counterparts [26]. The global genetic and antigenic diversity of BCoV is also poorly understood. Using a short variable region of the BCoV genome and with sporadically collected samples from a few countries in Europe, Asia, and North America, it has been suggested that BCoV are segregated into European and American BCoV lineages [17,[27][28][29], with periodic introductions of North American BCoV observed in Asian countries (for example in Japan during the 1990s [30]) highlighting global movement of BCoV likely through cattle trade. Coronaviruses are enveloped particles with a large non-segmented, linear, polyadenylated, single-stranded positive sense RNA genome [31]. They belong to the family Coronaviridae in the order Nidoviral...

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Section: No Obvious Link Between Virus Tropism and Genetic Markersmentioning

confidence: 86%

Global Transmission, Spatial Segregation, and Recombination Determine the Long-Term Evolution and Epidemiology of Bovine Coronaviruses

Salem

Vijaykrishna

Cassard

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…This is the first study to examine the host response at the transcriptional level in artificially-reared Holstein-Friesian calves to a challenge with BRSV. Previous studies have examined the bronchial lymph node pathological response to a BRSV challenge in Angus-Hereford crossbred beef calves 18,19,21 . However, immune responses, particularly at the level of transcription, have been demonstrated to be affected by breed 29–31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the risk of BRD susceptibility being moderately heritable 17 , there is a paucity of literature describing the molecular immune response of the host to infection with agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), such as BRSV. Two RNA-Seq studies performed in crossbred Angus-Hereford beef calves that were artificially challenged with single pathogens of the BRDC at the University of California Davis have discovered multiple genes and pathways to be differentially expressed following a BRSV challenge in bronchial lymph node 18 and in multiple lymphoid and lung tissues 19 . However, no work has been carried out to date to examine the transcriptional response to a BRSV challenge in artificially-reared Irish dairy bull calves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus in dairy calves: bronchial lymph node transcriptome response

Johnston

Earley

McCabe

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is the leading cause of mortality in calves. The objective of this study was to examine the response of the host’s bronchial lymph node transcriptome to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) in a controlled viral challenge. Holstein-Friesian calves were either inoculated with virus (103.5 TCID50/ml × 15 ml) (n = 12) or mock challenged with phosphate buffered saline (n = 6). Clinical signs were scored daily and blood was collected for haematology counts, until euthanasia at day 7 post-challenge. RNA was extracted and sequenced (75 bp paired-end) from bronchial lymph nodes. Sequence reads were aligned to the UMD3.1 bovine reference genome and differential gene expression analysis was performed using EdgeR. There was a clear separation between BRSV challenged and control calves based on gene expression changes, despite an observed mild clinical manifestation of the disease. Therefore, measuring host gene expression levels may be beneficial for the diagnosis of subclinical BRD. There were 934 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (p < 0.05, FDR <0.1, fold change >2) between the BRSV challenged and control calves. Over-represented gene ontology terms, pathways and molecular functions, among the DEG, were associated with immune responses. The top enriched pathways included interferon signaling, granzyme B signaling and pathogen pattern recognition receptors, which are responsible for the cytotoxic responses necessary to eliminate the virus.

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“…Dual RNA‐seq approaches, whereby both pathogen and host transcriptional profiles are simultaneously delineated, should inform our understanding of host responses to infection, as has been recently applied to the host mammary response to the related pathogen M. agalactiae (Chopra‐Dewasthaly, Korb, Brunthaler, & Ertl, ). In the initial characterization of the host transcriptional responses in five tissues following intratracheal M. bovis administration, differential expression of 157–994 genes was detected (depending on tissue), with the BPIFA1 , C9 and CD14 genes identified as “key players” in the immune function networks (Behura et al., ). In addition, recent analysis of microRNAs circulating in sera from beef cattle that had been naturally or experimentally infected with M. bovis has identified four microRNAs (bta‐let‐7b, bta‐miR‐24‐3p, bta‐miR‐92a and 423‐5p) that are associated with a humoral antibody response (Casas et al., ).…”

Section: Gap Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Calcutt

Lysnyansky

Sachse

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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There is a worldwide problem of disease caused by Mycoplasma (M.) bovis in cattle; it has a significant detrimental economic and animal welfare impact on cattle rearing. Infection can manifest as a plethora of clinical signs including mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media and genital disorders that may result in infertility and abortion. Current diagnosis and control information are reviewed and analysed to identify gaps in knowledge of the causative organism in respect of the disease pathology, diagnosis and control methods. The main considerations are as follows: no vaccines are commercially available; antimicrobial resistance is increasing; diagnostic and antimicrobial sensitivity testing needs to be improved; and a pen-side test would facilitate more rapid diagnosis and implementation of treatment with antimicrobials. More data on host susceptibility, stress factors, immune response and infectious dose levels are required. The impact of asymptomatic carriers, M. bovis survival in the environment and the role of wildlife in transmitting the disease also needs investigation. To facilitate development of vaccines, further analysis of more M. bovis genomes, its pathogenic mechanisms, including variable surface proteins, is required, along with reproducible disease models.

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Tissue Tropism in Host Transcriptional Response to Members of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Global Transmission, Spatial Segregation, and Recombination Determine the Long-Term Evolution and Epidemiology of Bovine Coronaviruses

Global Transmission, Spatial Segregation, and Recombination Determine the Long-Term Evolution and Epidemiology of Bovine Coronaviruses

Experimental challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus in dairy calves: bronchial lymph node transcriptome response

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

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